『（Abstract）
　No rock at the Earth's surface escapes weathering. This process is the primary source of all the essential elements for organisms, except nitrogen and carbon. Since the onset of terrestrial life, weathering has been accelerated under the influence of biota. The study of biological weathering started at the end of the 19th century. Although the role of bacteria (Eubacteria, Archaea) has attracted a lot of interest, until recently the role of fungi has largely been neglected. More recently, however, fungal weathering has become an increasingly important focus of biogeochemical research.』

『（要旨）
　地表で風化を逃れられる岩石はない。この過程は、窒素と炭素を除いて、生物にとってすべての必須元素の主要な供給源である。陸上生物の始まり以来、風化は生物の影響下で加速されてきた。生物学的風化の研究は１９世紀末に始まった。細菌（真正細菌、古細菌）の役割は大きな関心を呼んできたが、最近まで菌類の役割はほとんど無視されてきた。しかし、ごく最近、菌類による風化は生物地球化学的研究の重要な焦点にだんだんなってきた。』

(Introduction)
The major fungi involved in weathering - taxonomic and ecological perspectives
How do fungi weather rocks and minerals?
　Biogeophysical mechanisms
　Biogeochemical mechanisms
Formation of secondary minerals
Why do fungi weather minerals?
Prospects
Novel research questions
Acknowledgements
References

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Figure 1. Scanning electron micrograph of a marble-inhabiting fungal colony within a pit, which has steep walls caused by biochemical and partially biophysical mechanisms. The marble was taken directly from a quarry. 図１．大理石の穴に住む菌類コロニーの走査電顕写真で、穴の壁が急なのは生物化学的かつ一部生物物理学的メカニズムによる。大理石は採石場から直接に採取された。 Figure 2. Scanning electron micrograph of the surface of a mineral grain covered by grooves that may have been created by fungal hyphae. Two hyphae are visible. The feldspar grain originates from the E horizon of a 5400-year-old sand dune along Lake Michigan (Scale bar size: 10 μm). 図２．菌類の菌糸によってつくられたと考えられる溝に覆われた、鉱物粒子の表面の走査電顕写真。２本の菌糸が見える。長石粒子はミシガン湖に沿う５４００年前の砂丘のE層からのもの（スケールのバーの長さ：１０μm）。 〔『Hoffland,E., Kuyper,T.W., Wallander,H., Plassard,C., Gorbushina,A.A., Haselwandter,K., Holmstrom（後ろのoの頭に¨）,S., Landeweert,R., Lundstrom（oの頭に¨）,U.S., Rosling,A., Sen,R., Smits,M.M., van Hees,P.A.W. and van Breemen,N.(2004): The role of fungi in weathering. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2(5), 258-264.』から〕