ホーム＜鉱物学関連＜マンガン鉱物と鉱床＜論文リスト（マンガン関係）＜

論文リスト（海底〔マンガン団塊・マンガンクラスト〕） (Mn nodules & crusts and related)

• 『マンガン鉱物と鉱床』の『マンガン団塊・クラスト』のページも参照。

【2012】

• Gonzalez（aの頭に´）,F.J., Somoza,L., Leon（oの頭に´）,R., Medialdea,T., de Torres,T., Ortiz,J.E., Lunar,R., Martibez（iの頭は´）-Frias（iの頭は´）,J. and Merinero,R.(2012): Ferromanganese nodules and micro-hardgrounds associated with the Cadiz Contourite Channel (NE Atlantic): Palaeoenvironmental records of fluid venting and bottom currents. Chemical Geology, 310-311, 56-78.【見る→】
  『カディス・コントーライト海峡（北東大西洋）に伴う鉄マンガン団塊およびマイクロハードグラウンド：流体の通路開口と底流の古環境記録』
• Prakash,L.S., Ray,D., Paropkari,A.L., Mudholkar,A.V., Satyanarayanan,M., Sreenivas,B., Chandrasekharam,D., Kota,D., Raju,K.A.K., Kaisary,S., Balaram,V. and Gurav,T.(2012): Distribution of REEs and yttrium among major geochemical phases of marine Fe-Mn-oxides: Comparative study between hydrogenous and hydrothermal deposits. Chemical Geology, 312-313, 127-137.【見る→】
  『海洋鉄−マンガン−酸化物の主要な地球化学相の間の希土類元素とイットリウムの分布：水成と熱水の鉱床間の比較研究』

【２０１１年】

• 石井輝秋（2011）：日本近海の鉄・マンガン酸化物(マンガン団塊とコバルトクラスト)の化学組成．月刊地球、33(1)、26-33．
• 臼井　朗・寺島　滋.・湯浅真人（2011）：小笠原海台周辺海域の含コバルト・マンガンクラスト．月刊地球、33(2)、83-90．
• 藤岡換太郎・川幡穂高（2011）：海洋玄武岩とマンガン団塊．月刊地球、33(1)、3-10．

【２０１０年】

• Baturin,G.N., Dubinchuk,V.T. and Krylov,I.O.(2010): Transformation of the mineral composition of ferromanganese crusts under the influence of hydrogen sulfide. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 45(5), 401-409.【見る→】
  『硫化水素の影響下での鉄マンガン・クラストの鉱物組成の変化』
• Mukhopadhyay,R. and Ghosh,A.K.(2010): Dynamics of formation of ferromanganese nodules in the Indian Ocean. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 37, 394-398.【見る→】
  『インド洋の鉄マンガン団塊の生成のダイナミクス』
• Novikov,G.V., Sval'nov,V.N., Bogdanova,O.Yu. and Sivtsov,A.V.(2010): Ion exchange properties of manganese and iron minerals in oceanic micronodules. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 45(5), 410-424.【見る→】
  『海洋マイクロノジュールにおけるマンガンと鉄鉱物のイオン交換の性質』
• 臼井　朗（2010）：深海底レアメタル資源--マンガン団塊とマンガンクラストの研究・開発に期待．エネルギーレビュー、30(8)、20-24．
• 王　立邦・DODBIBA Gjergj・岡屋克則・定木　淳・藤田豊久・菱田　元（2010）： 海藻または活性炭を吸着材とするコバルト・リッチ・クラスト塩酸浸出液からの白金の回収．環境資源工学、57（1）、20-28．

【２００９年】

• Baturin,G.N.(2009): Geochemistry of ferromanganese nodules in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 44(5), 411-426.【見る→】
  『バルト海のフィンランド湾における鉄マンガン団塊の地球化学』
• 王　立邦・佐藤大輔・DODBIBA Gjergj・定木　 淳・藤田豊久・菱田　元（2009）：塩酸および過酸化水素の添加によるコバルト・リッチ・クラストからの白金の浸出．環境資源工学、56（4）、165-173．

【２００８年】

• Canet,C., Prol-Ledesma,R.M., Bandy,W.L., Schaaf,P., Linares,C., Camprubi（iの頭は´）,A., Tauler,E. and Mortera-Gutierrez（最初のeの頭に´）,C.(2008): Mineralogical and geochemical constraints on the origin of ferromanganese crusts from the Rivera Plate (western margin of Mexico). Marine Geology, 251, 47-59.【見る→】
  『リベラ・プレート（メキシコの西縁）からの鉄マンガンクラストの起源に関する鉱物学的および地球化学的制約』
• Dubinin,A.V., Sval'nov,V.N. and Uspenskaya,T.Yu.(2008): Geochemistry of the authigenic ferromanganese ore formation in sediments of the northeast Pacific Basin. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 43(2), 99-110.【見る→】
  『太平洋北東部の堆積物中の自生の鉄マンガン鉱床の地球化学的性質』
• Meynadier,L., Allegre（最初のeの頭に｀）,C. and O'Nions,R.K.(2008): Plate tectonics, radiogenic isotopic tracers and paleoceanography The case of the manganese crusts in the Pacific. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 272, 513-522.【見る→】
  『プレートテクトニクスと放射性同位体トレーサーと古海洋学　太平洋のマンガンクラストの事例』
• 山崎哲生（2008）： 日本のEEZ (排他的経済水域) ・大陸棚の深海底鉱物資源開発の可能性と必要性．Journal of MMIJ、124（12）、829-835．
  
  

【２００７年】

• Anufriev,G.S. and Boltenkov,B.S.(2007): Ferromanganese nodules of the Baltic Sea: Composition, helium isotopes, and growth rate. Lithpology and Mineral Resources, 42(3), 240-245.
• Dekov,V.M., Scholten,J.C., Botz,R., Garbe-Schonberg（oの頭に¨）,C.-D. and Stoffers,P.(2007): Fe-Mn-(hydr)oxide-carbonate crusts from the Kebrit Deep, Red Sea: Precipitation at the seawater/brine redoxcline. Marine Geology, 236, 95-119.
• Lugovskaya,I.G., Durbinchuk,V.T. and Baturin,G.N.(2007): Composition of technological sample of ferromanganese crusts from seamounts and products of its processing. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 42(6), 515-522.
• Novikov,G.V. and Bogdanova,O.Yu.(2007): Transformations of ore minerals in genetically different oceanic ferromanganese rocks. Lithpology and Mineral Resources, 42(4), 303-317.
• Pattan,J.N. and Parthiban,G.(2007): Do manganese nodules grow or dissolve after burial? Results from the Central Indian Ocean Basin. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 30, 696-705.

【２００６年】

• Dubinin,A.V. and Uspenskaya,T.Yu.(2006): Geochemistry and specific features of manganese ore formation in sediments of oceanic bioproductive zones. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 41(1), 1-14.
• Fitzgerald,C.E. and Gillis,K.M.(2006): Hydrothermal manganese oxide deposits from Baby Bare seamount in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Marine Geology, 225, 145-156.
• Nedumov,R.I.(2006): Manganese ore potential related to hydrosulfuric pollution of bottom waters (with the Black Sea as an example). Lithology and Mineral Resources, 41(1), 15-26.
• Rozanov,A.G., Volkov,I.I., Kokryatskaya,N.M. and Yudin,M.V.(2006): Manganese and iron in the White Sea: Sedimentation and diagenesis. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 41(5), 483-501.
• 臼井　朗（2006）：深海底鉱物資源（2）〈日本周辺海域の海底鉱物資源の研究成果〉コバルトリッチ・マンガンクラスト．金属資源レポート、2006.7、306-312．
• 太田充恒（2006）：鉄水酸化物・マンガン酸化物と海水間の希土類元素の分配に関する実験的・理論的研究．地球化学、40、13-30．
• 松本勝時・村山信行・松井一徳（2006）：深海底鉱物資源(4)マンガン団塊の探査・開発に向けた取り組み．金属資源レポート、36（4）、692-713．

【２００５年】

• Webb,S.M., Tebo,B.M. and Bargar,J.R.(2005): Structural characterization of biogenic Mn oxides produced in seawater by the marine bacillus sp. strain SG-1. American Mineralogist, 90, 1342-1357.
• 島田　藍・田中美穂・隈倉　真・高橋和也（2005）：マンガン団塊の年輪構造に沿った元素分布と環境変動に対する考察．分析化学、54（10）、945-952．

【２００４年】

• Bayon,G., German,C.R., Burton,K.W., Nesbitt,R.W. and Rogers,N.(2004): Sedimentary Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides as paleoceanographic archives and the role of aeolian flux in regulating oceanic disolved REE. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 224, 477-492.
• Buatier,M.D., Guillaume,D., Wheat,C.G., Herve（後ろのeの頭に´）,L. and Adatte,T.(2004): Mineralogical characterization and genesis of hydrothermal Mn oxides from the flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. American Mineralogist, 89, 1807-1815.
• Levasseur,S., Frank,M., Hein,J.R. and Halliday,A.N.(2004): The global variation in the iron isotope composition of marine hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits: implications for seawater hemistry? Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 224, 91-105.
• Moore,J.G. and Clague,D.A.(2004): Hawaiian submarine manganese-iron oxide crusts−A dating tool? GSA Bulletin, 116(3/4), 337-347.
• Marcus,M.A., Manceau,A. and Kersten,M.(2004): Mn, Fe, Zn and As speciation in a fast-growing ferromanganese marine nodule. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68(14), 3125-3136.

【２００３年】

• Banakar,V.K., Galy,A., Sukumaran,N.P., Parthiban,G. and Volvaiker,A.Y.(2003): Himalayan sedimentary pulses recorded by silicate detritus within a ferromanganese crust from the Central Indian Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 205, 337-348.
• Dekov,V.M., Marchig,V., Rajta,I. and Uzonyi,I.(2003): Fe-Mn micronodules born in the metalliferous sediments of two spreading centres: the East Pacific Rise and Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Marine Geology, 199, 101-121.
• Han,X., Jin,X., Yang,S., Fietzke,J. and Eisenhauer,A.(2003): Rhythmic growth of Pacific ferromanganese nodules and their Milankovitch climatic origin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 211, 143-157.
• Hein,J.R., Koschinsky,A. and Halliday,A.N.(2003): Global occurrence of tellurium-rich ferromanganese crusts and a model for the enrichment of tellurium. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(6), 1117-1127.
• Koschinsky,A. and Hein,J.R.(2003): Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: solid-phase associations and seawater speciation. Marine Geology, 198, 331-351.
• Kuhn,T., Bostick,B.C., Koschinsky,A., Halbach,P. and Fendorf,S.(2003): Enrichment of Mo in hydrothermal Mn precipitates: possible Mo sources, formation process and phase associations. Chemical Geology, 199, 29-43.

【２００２年】

• Hlawatsch,S., Garbe-Schonberg（oの頭に¨）,C.D., Lechtenberg,F., Manceau,A., Tamura,N., Kulik,D.A. and Kersten,M.(2002): Trace metal fluxes to ferromanganese nodules from the western Baltic Sea as a record for long-term environmental changes. Chemical Geology, 182, 697-709.
• Hlawatsch,S., Neumann,T., van den Berg,C.M.G., Kersten,M., Harff,J. and Suess,E.(2002): Fast-growing, shallow-water ferro-manganese nodules from the western Baltic Sea: origin and modes of trace element incorporation. Marine Geology, 182, 373-387.
• Mukhopadhyay,R., Iyer,S.D. and Ghosh,A.K.(2002): The Indian Ocean Nodule Field: petrotectonic evolution and ferromanganese deposits. Earth-Science Reviews, 60, 67-130.

【２００１年】

• Claude-Ivanaj,C., Hofmann,A.W., Vlastelic,I. and Koschinsky,A.(2001): Recording changes in ENADW composition over the last 340 ka using high-precision lead isotopes in a Fe-Mn crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 188, 73-89.
• Heiser,U., Neumann,T., Scholten,J. and Stuben,D.(2001): Recycling of manganese from anoxic sediments in stagnant basins by seawater inflow: a study of surface sediments from the Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea. Marine geology, 177, 151-166.
• Klinkhammer,G.P. and McManus,J.(2001): Dissolved manganese in the Columbia River estuary: Production in the water column. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65(17), 2835-2841.
• Marin,B. and Giresse,P.(2001): Particulate manganese and iron in recent sediments of the Gulf of Lions continental margin (north-western Mediterranean Sea): deposition and diagenetic process. Marine Geology, 172, 147-165.
• Mills,R.A., Wells,D.M. and Roberts,S.(2001): Genesis of ferromanganese crusts from the TAG hydrothermal field. Chemical Geology, 176, 283-293.
• Ohta,A. and Kawabe,I.(2001): REE(III) adsorption onto Mn dioxide(δ-MnO2) and Fe oxyhydroxide: Ce(III) oxidation by δ-MnO2. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65(5), 695-703.
• Pretorius,P.J. and Linder,P.W.(2001): The adsorption characteristics of δ-manganese dioxide: a collection of diffuse double layer constants for the adsorption of H⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺. Applied Geochemistry, 16, 1067-1082.
• Schippers,A. and Jorgensen,B.B.(2001): Oxidation of pyrite and iron sulfide by manganese dioxide in marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65(6), 915-922.

【２０００年】

• Banakar,V.K. and Hein,J.R.(2000): Growth response of a deep-water ferromanganese crust to evolution of the Neogene Indian Ocean. Marine Geology, 162, 529-540.
• Bargar,J.R., Tebo,B.M. and Villinski,J.E.(2000): In situ characterization of Mn(II) oxidation by spores of the marine Bacillus sp. strain SG-1. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64(16), 2775-2778.
• Chow,N., Morad,S. and Al-Aasm,I.S.(2000): Origin of authigenic Mn-Fe carbonates and pore-water evolution in marine sediments: Evidence from Cenozoic strata of the Arctic Ocean and Norwegian-Greenland Sea (ODP Leg 151). Journal of Sedimentary Research, 70(3), 682-699.
• Haese,R.R., Schramm,J., Rutgers van der Loeff,M.M. and Schulz,H.D.(2000): A comparative study of iron and manganese diagenesis in continental slope and deep sea basin sediments off Uruguay (SW Atlantic). Int.Journ.Earth Sciences, 88, 619-629.
• Hein,J.R., Koschinsky,A., Bau,M., Manheim,F.T., Kang,J.-K. and Roberts,L.(2000): Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in the Pacific. In Cronan,D.S. ed. Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits, CRC Press, Chap.9, 239-279.【見る→】
  『太平洋のコバルトに富む鉄マンガンクラスト』
• Jauhari,P. and Pattan,J.N.(2000): Ferromanganese nodules from the Central Indian Ocean Basin. In Cronan,D.S. ed. Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits, CRC Press, Chap.7, 171-195.
• Jeong,K.S., Jung,H.S., Kang,J.K., Morgan,C.L. and Hein,J.R.(2000): Formation of ferromanganese crusts on northwest intertropical Pacific seamounts: electron photomicrography and microprobe chemistry. Marine Geology, 162, 541-559.
• Morgan,C.L.(2000): Resource estimates of the Clarion-Clipperton manganese nodule deposits. In Cronan,D.S. ed. Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits, CRC Press, Chap.6, 145-170.【見る→】
  『クラリオン−クリッパートン・マンガン団塊鉱床の資源量見積り』
• Piotrowski,A.M., Lee,D.-C., Christensen,J.N., Burton,K.W., Halliday,A.N., Hein,J.R. and Gunther,D.(2000): Changes in erosion and ocean circulation recorded in the Hf isotopic compositions of North Atlantic and Indian Ocean ferromanganese crusts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 181, 315-325.
• Takahashi,Y., Shimizu,H., Usui,A., Kagi,H. and Nomura,M.(2000): Direct observation of tetravalent cerium in ferromanganese nodules and crusts by X-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64(17), 2929-2935.
• Thamdrup,B. and Dalsgaard,T.(2000): The fate of ammonium in anoxic manganese oxide-rich marine sediment. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64(24), 4157-4164.
• Von Stackelberg,U.(2000): Manganese nodules of the Peru Basin. In Cronan,D.S. ed. Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits, CRC Press, Chap.8, 197-238.
• Wiltshire,J.C.(2000): Innovations in marine ferromanganese oxide tailings disposal. In Cronan,D.S. ed. Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits, CRC Press, Chap.10, 281-305.

【１９９９年】

• Abouchami,W., Galer,S.J.G. and Koschinsky,A.(1999): Pb and Nd isotopes in NE Atlantic Fe-Mn crusts: Proxies for trace metal paleosources and paleocean circulation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(10), 1489-1505.
• Alibo,D.S. and Nozaki,Y.(1999): Rare earth elements in seawater: Pacrticle association, shale-normalization, and Ce oxidation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(3/4), 363-372.
• Banerjee,R., Roy,S., Dasgupta,S., Mukhopadhyay,S. and Miura,H.(1999): Petrogenesis of ferromanganese nodules from east of the Chagos Archipelago, Central Indian Basin, Indian Ocean. Marine Geology, 157, 145-158.
• Bollhofer,A., Frank,N., Rohloff,S., Mangini,A. and Scholten,J.C.(1999): A record of changing redox conditions in the northern Peru Basin during the Late Quaternary deduced from Mn/Fe and growth rate variations in two diagenetic manganese nodules. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 170, 403-415.
• Burton,K.W., Bourdon,B., Birck,J.-L., Allegre,C.J. and Hein,J.R.(1999): Osmium isotope variations in the oceans recorde by Fe-Mn crusts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 171, 185-197.
• Burton,K.W., Lee,D.-C., Christensen,J.N., Halliday,A.N. and Hein,J.R.(1999): Actual timing of neodymium isotopic variations recorded by Fe-Mn crusts in the western North Atlantic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 171, 149-156.
• Chauhan,O.S. and Rao,Ch.M.(1999): Influence of sedimentation on enrichment of manganese and growth of ferromanganese micronodules, Bengal Fan, India. Marine Geology, 161, 39-47.
• Frank,M., O'Nions,R.K., Hein,J.R. and Banakar,V.K.(1999): 60 Myr records of major elements and Pb-Nd isotopes from hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts: Reconstruction of seawater paleochemistry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(11/12), 1689-1708.
• Hatta,Y., Watanabe,M., Hoshino,K. and Usui,A.(1999): Comparison of internal structures of marine manganese deposits of hydrogenetic, diagenetic and hydrothermal origins. Resource Geology, 49(1), 49-54.
• Henderson,G.M. and Burton,K.W.(1999): Using (234U/238U) to assess diffusion rates of isotope tracers in ferromanganese crusts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 170, 169-179.
• Hulth,S., Aller,R.C. and Gilbert,F.(1999): Coupled anoxic nitrification/manganese reduction in marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(1), 49-66.
• Jung,H.-S. and Lee,C.-B.(1999): Growth of diagenetic ferromanganese nodules in an oxic deep-sea sedimentary environment, northeast equatorial Pacific. Marine Geology, 157, 127-144.
• Neff,U., Bollhofer,A., Frank,N. and Mangini,A.(1999): Explaining discrepant depth profiles of 234U/238U and 230Thexc in Mn-crusts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(15), 2211-2218.

【１９９８年】

• Frank,M. and O'Nions,R.K.(1998): Sources of Pb for Indian Ocean ferromanganese crusts: a record of Himalayan erosion? Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 158, 121-130.
• Giresse,P., Wiewiora,A. and Lacka,B.(1998): Processes of Holocene ferromanganese-coated grains (oncolites) in the nearshore shelf of Cameroon. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 68(1), 20-36.
• Ito,T., Usui,A., Kajiwara,Y. and Nakano,T.(1998): Strontium isotopic compositions and paleoceanographic implication of fossil manganese nodules in DSDP/ODP cores, Leg 1-126. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62(9), 1545-1554.
• Kuhn,T., Bau,M., Blum,N. and Halbach,P.(1998): Origin of negative Ce anomalies in mixed hydrothermal-hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts from the Central Indian Ridge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 163, 207-220.
• 臼井　朗（1998）：マンガンクラスト、マンガン団塊に海洋環境の変遷が記録されているか？．地質ニュース、529号、21-30．

【１９９７年】

• Albarede,F., Goldstein,S.L. and Dautel,D.(1997): The neodymium isotopic composition of manganese nodules from the Southern and Indian oceans, the global oceanic neodymium budget, and their bearing on deep ocean circulation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61(6), 1277-1291.
• Chabaux,F., O'Nions,R.K., Cohen,A.S. and Hein,J.R.(1997): 238U-234U-230Th disequilibrium in hydrogenous oceanic Fe-Mn crusts: Palaeoceanographic record or diagenetic alteration? Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61(17), 3619-3632.
• Glasby,G.P., Stuben,D., Jeschke,G., Stoffers,P. and Garbe-Schonberg,C.-D.(1997): A model for the formation of hydrothermal manganese crusts from the Pitcairn Island hotspot. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61(21), 4583-4597.
• Morad,S. and Al-Aasm,I.S.(1997): Conditions of rhodochrosite-nodule formation in Neogene-Pleistocene deep-sea sediments: evidence from O, C and Sr isotopes. Sedimentary Geology, 114, 295-304.
• Usui,A., Bau,M. and Yamazaki,T.(1997): Manganese microchimneys buried in the Central Pacific pelagic sediments: evidence of intraplate water circulation? Marine Geology, 41, 269-285.
• Winter,B.L., Johnson,C.M. and Clark,D.L.(1997): Geochemical constraints on the formation of Late Cenozoic ferromanganese micronodules from the central Arctic Ocean. Marine Geology, 138, 149-169.

【１９９５年】

• 臼井　朗（1995）：海底マンガン鉱床の研究−その現状と展望．地質ニュース、493号、30-41．
• Abouchami,W. and Goldstein,S.L.(1995): A lead isotopic study of Circum-Antarctic manganese nodules. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59(9), 1809-1820.
• Chabaux,F., Cohen,A.S., O'Nions,R.K. and Hein,J.R.(1995): 238U-234U-230Th chronometry of Fe-Mn crusts: Growth processes and recovery of thorium isotopic ratios of seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59(3), 633-638.
• Mottl,M.J., Sansone,F.J., Wheat,C.G., Resing,J.A., Baker,E.T. and Lupton,J.E.(1995): Manganese and methane in hydrothermal plumes along the East Pacific Rise, 8ﾟ40' to 11ﾟ50'N. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59(20), 4147-4165.

【１９９４年】

• Chauhan,O.S., Gujar,A.R. and Rao,Ch.M.(1994): On the occurrence of ferromanganese micronodules from the sediments of the Bengal Fan: a high terrigenous sediment input. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 128, 563-573.
• Cronan,D.S. and Hodkinson,R.A.(1994): Element supply to surface manganese nodules along the Aitutaki-Jarvis Transect, South Pacific. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 151, 391-401.
• McMurty,G.M., VonderHaar,D.L., Eisenhauer,A., Mahoney,J.J. and Yeh,H.-W.(1994): Cenozoic accumulation history of a Pacific ferromanganese crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 125, 105-118.
• Miller,S. and Cronan,D.S.(1994): Element supply to surface sediments and interrelationships with nodules along the Aitutaki-Jarvis Transect, South Pacific. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 151, 403-412.

【１９９３年】

• Kunzendorf,H., Glasby,G.P., Stoffers,P. and Pluger,W.L.(1993): The distribution of rare earth and minor elements in manganese nodules, micronodeles and sediments along an east-west transect in the southern Pacific. Lithos, 30, 45-56.

【１９９２年】

• Danielson,A., Moller,P. and Dulski,P.(1992): The europium anomalies in banded iron formations and the thermal history of the oceanic crust. Chemical Geology, 97, 89-100.
• De Carlo,E.H. and McMurtry,G.M.(1992): Rare-earth element geochemistry of ferromanganese crusts from the Hawaiian Archipelago, central Pacific. Chemical Geology, 95, 235-250.
• Kunzendorf,H. and Glasby,G.P.(1992): Tungsten accumulation in Pacific ferromanganese deposits. Mineral.Deposita, 27, 147-152.
• Murray,R.W., Buchholtz ten Brink,M.R., Gerlach,D.C., Russ III,G.P. and Jones,D.L.(1992): Intteroceanic variation in the rare earth, ,ajor, and trace element depositional chemistry of chert: Perspectives gained from the DSDP and ODP record. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 1897-1913.
• Murray,R.W., Buchholtz ten Brink,M.R., Gerlach,D.C., Russ III,G.P. and Jones,D.L.(1992): Rare earth, major, and trace element composition of Monterey and DSDP chert and associated host sediment: Assessing the influence of chemical fractionation during diagenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 2657-2671.
• Nath,B.N., Balaram,V., Sudhakar,M. and Pluger,W.L.(1992): Rare earth element geochemistry of ferromanganese deposits from the Indian Ocean. Marine Chemistry, 38, 185-208.
• Piepgras,D.J. and Jacobsen,S.B.(1992): The behavior of rare earth elements in seawater: Precise determination of variations in the North Pacific water column. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 1851-1862.
• Skornyakova,N.S. and Murdmaa,I.O.(1992): Local variations in distribution and composition of ferromanganese nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Nodule Province. Marine Geology, 103, 381-405.
• Usui,A. and Nishimura,A.(1992): Submersible observations of hydrothermal manganese deposits on the Kaikata Seamount, Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) Arc. Marine Geology, 106, 203-216.
• Valsangkar,A.B., Khadge,N.H. and Erwin Desa,J.A.(1992): Geochemistry of polymetallic nodules from the Central Indian Ocean Basin. Marine Geology, 103, 361-371.

【１９９１年】

• Banerjee,R. and Iyer,S.D.(1991): Biogenic influence on the growth of ferromanganese micronodules in the Central Indian Basin. Marine Geology, 97, 413-421.
• Baturin,G.N., Dmitriev,L.V. and Kurskii,A.N.(1991): Chemical composition variations of Fe-Mn crusts on the Atlantic ocean floor. Litologiya i Poleznye Iskopaemye, No.6, 3-23 (485-501).
• Condie,K.C.(1991): Another look at rare earth elements in shales. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 2527-2531.
• Krasovskii,K.S.(1991): Geochemical classification of iron-manganese and iron-phosphate shallow-water concretions in the world ocean. Litologiya i Poleznye Iskopaemye, No.3, 21-30 (221-228).
• Murray,R.W., Buchholtz ten Brink,M.R., Gerlach,D.C., Russ III,G.P. and Jones,D.L.(1991): Rare earth, major, and trace elements in chert from the Franciscan Complex and Monterey Group, California: Assessing REE sources to fine-grained marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 1875-1895.
• Sval'nov,V.N., Lyapin,A.B. and Novikova,Z.T.(1991): Manganese micronodules, 1: General characterization and distribution in pelagic sediments. Litologiya i Poleznye Iskopaemye, No.3, 3-20 (207-220).
• Sval'nov,V.N., Lyapin,A.B. and Novikova,Z.T.(1991): Mn-microconcretions. Part 2. Composition and origins. Litologiya i Poleznye Iskopaemye, No.4, 32-50 (325-339).
• Varentsov,I.M., Drits,V.A. and Gorshkov,A.I.(1991): Rare earth element indicators of Mn-Fe oxyhydroxide crust formation on Krylov Seamount, Eastern Atlantic. Marine Geology, 96, 71-84.
• Varentsov,I.M., Drits,V.A., Gorshkov,A.I., Sivtsov,A.V. and Sakharov,B.A.(1991): Mn-Fe oxyhydroxide crusts from Krylov Seamount (Eastern Atlantic): Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis. Marine Geology, 96, 53-70.

【１９９０年】

• Burne,R.H. and Kim,K.-H.(1990): Rare earth element scavenging in seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 2645-2656.
• German,C.R., Klinkhammer,G.P., Edmond,J.M., Mitra,A. and Elderfield,H.(1990): Hydrothermal scavenging of rare-earth elements in the ocean. Nature, 345, 516-518.
• Iyer,S.D. and Sharma,R.(1990): Corelation between occurrence of manganese nodules and rocks in a part of the Central Indian Ocean Basin. Marine Geology, 92, 127-138.
• Jauhari,P.(1990): Relationship between morphology and composition of manganese nodules from the Central Indian Ocean. Marine Geology, 92, 115-125.
• Moffett,J.W.(1990): Microbially mediated cerium oxidation in sea water. Nature, 345, 421-423.
• Murray,R.W., Buchholtz ten Brink,M.R., Jones,D.L., Gerlach,D.C. and Russ III,G.P.(1990): Rare earth elements as indicators of different marine depositional environments in chert and shale. Geology, 18, 268-271.
• Sharma,R. and Kodagali,V.N.(1990): SPHINCS: A system for cataloguing and interpreting seabed photographs of nodules. Marine Geology, 92, 139-146.
• Sholkovitz,E.R.(1990): Rare-earth elements in marine sediments and geochemical standards. Chemical Geology, 88, 333-347.

【１９８９年】

• Bernat,M., Causse,C., Perseil,E.A. and Feraud,G.(1989): Variations of element distribution in ferromanganese nodules and its bearing on growth rates. Mineral.Deposita, 24, 258-269.
• Halbach,P., Kriete,C., Prause,B. and Puteanus,D.(1989): Mechanisms to explain the platinum concentration in ferromanganese seamount crusts. Chemical Geology, 76, 95-106.
• Jakobsen,R. and Postma,D.(1989): Formation and solid solution behavior of Ca-rhodochrosites in marine muds of the Baltic deeps. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 2639-2648.
• Kunzendorf,H., Gwozdz,R., Glasby,G.P., Stoffers,P. and Renner,R.M.(1989): The distribution of rare earth elements in manganese micronodules and sediments from the equatorial and southwest Pacific. Applied Geochemistry, 4, 183-193.
• Lallier-Verges,E. and Alberic,P.(1989): Burrowing: a major process in the Mn -Ni enrichment of red clays. Marine Geology, 86, 75-79.
• Usui,A., Mellin,T.A., Nohara,M. and Yuasa,M.(1989): Structural stability of marine 10Å manganates from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Arc: Implication for low-temperature hydrothermal activity. Marine Geology, 86, 41-56.

【１９８８年】

• Alt,J.C.(1988): Hydrothermal oxide and nontronite deposits on seamounts in the eastern Pacific. Marine Geology, 81, 227-239.
• Bolton,B.R., Both,R., Exon,N.F., Hamilton,T.F., Ostwald,J. and Smith,J.D.(1988): Geochemistry and mineralogy of seafloor hydrothermal and hydrogenetic Mn oxide deposits from the Manus Basin and Bismarck Archipelago region of the southwest Pacific Ocean. Marine Geology, 85, 65-87.
• Bolton,B.R., Exon,N.F., Ostwald,J. and Kudrass,H.R.(1988): Geochemistry of ferromanganese crusts and nodules from the South Tasman Rise, southeast of Australia. Marine Geology, 84, 53-80.
• Bostrom,K., Ingri,J. and Ponter,C.(1988): Origin of iron -manganese-rich suspended matter in the Landsort Deep, NW Baltic Sea. Marine Chemistry, 24, 93-98.
• Campbell,A.C., Gieskes,J.M., Lupton,J.E. and Lonsdale,P.F.(1988): Manganese geochemistry in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 345-357.
• Esser,B.K. and Turekian,K.K.(1988): Accretion rate of extraterrestrial particles determined from osmium isotope systematics of Pacific pelagic clay and manganese nodules. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 1383-1388.
• Glasby,G.P.(1988): Manganese in the S.W.Pacific: A brief review. Ore Geology Reviews, 4, 125-133.
• Green,W.J. and Chave,K.E.(1988): Periodic trends in element enrichments in Pacific manganese nodules: The role of lattice energies. Marine Chemistry, 23, 97-108.
• Hirt,W.C., Foot,D.G.,Jr. and Shirts,M.B.(1988): Beneficiation of cobalt-rich manganese crust. Marine Mining, 7, 165-180.
• Koski,R.(1988): Ferromanganese deposits from the Gulf of Alaska Seamount Province: mineralogy, chemistry, and origin. Can.J.Earth Sci., 25, 116-133.
• Liu,Y.-G., Miah,M.R.U. and Schmitt,R.A.(1988): Cerium: A chemical tracer for paleo-oceanic redox conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 1361-1371.
• Manheim,F.T. and Lane-Bostwick,C.M.(1988): Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea floor. Nature, 335(1), 59-62.
• Middleburg,J.J., de lange,G.J., van der Sloot,H.A., van Emburg,P.R. and Sophiah,S.(1988): Particulate manganese and iron framboids in Kau Bay, Halmahera (Eastern Indonesia). Marine Chemistry, 23, 353-364.
• Murad,E. and Schwertmann,U.(1988): Iron oxide mineralogy of some deep-sea ferromanganese crusts. American Mineralogist, 73, 1395-1400.
• Palmer,M.R., Falkner,K.K., Turekian,K.K. and Calvert,S.E.(1988): Sources of osmium isotopes in manganese nodules. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 1197-1202.
• Pattan,J.N.(1988): Internal microfeatures of manganese nodules from the Central Indian Ocean. Marine Geology, 81, 215-226.
• Piper,D.Z.(1988): The metal oxide fraction of pelagic sediment in the equatorial North Pacific Ocean: A source of metals in ferromanganese nodules. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 2127-2145.
• Terashima,S., Usui,A., Nakao,S. and Mita,N.(1988): Platinum abundance in ocean floor ferromanganese crusts and nodules. Marine Mining, 7, 209-218.
• Valsangkar,A.B., Rajamanickam,G.V., Karisiddaiah,S.M. and Siddiquie,H.N.(1988): Morphological and interlayer geochemical studies on manganese nodules from the southwestern Carlsberg Ridge. Marine Geology, 84, 81-94.
• Van der Sloot,H.A., Hoede,D., Hamburg,G., de Lange,G.J., Middleburg,J.J. and Sophiah,S.(1988): Suspended manganese-rich particle in Kau Bay, Halmahera (eastern Indonesia). Marine Geology, 82, 251-259.
• Varnavas,S.P., Papaioannou,J. and Catani,J.(1988): A hydrothermal manganese deposit from the Eratosthenes Seamount, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Geology, 81, 205-214.

【１９８７年】

• Ahmad,S.M. and Husain,A.(1987): Geochemistry of ferromanganese nodules from the Central Indian Basin. Marine Geology, 77, 165-170.
• Bishop,J.K.B. and Fleisher,M.Q.(1987): Particulate manganese dynamics in Gulf Stream warm-core rings and surrounding waters of the N.W.Atlantic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 2807-2825.
• Calvert,S.E., Piper,D.Z. and Baedecker,P.A.(1987): Geochemistry of therare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A, northern equatorial Pacific. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 2331-2338.
• De Carlo,E.H., McMurtry,G.M. and Kim,K.H.(1987): Geochemistry of ferromanganese crusts from the Hawaiian Archipelago−I. Northern survey areas. Deep-Sea Research, 34(3), 441-467.
• Glasby,G.P., Gwozdz,R., Kunzendorf,H., Friedrich,G. and Thijssen,T.(1987): The distribution of rare earth and minor elements in manganese nodules and sediments from the equatorial and S.W.Pacific. Lithos, 20, 97-113.
• Goddard,D.A., Thompson,G., Jones,E.J.W. and Okada,H.(1987): The chemistry and mineralogy of ferromanganese encrustations on rocks from the Sierra Leone Rise, equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge and New England Seamount Chain. Marine Geology, 77, 87-98.
• Gramberg,I.S., Aleksandrov,P.A., Andreyev,S.I., Anikeyeva,L.I., Yegiazarov,B.Kh., Yershov,Yu.P. and Marmorshteyn,L.M.(1987): Depth zoning of ore-forming components of marine iron-manganese nodules. Int.Geol.Rev., 29, 613-618.
• Gross,G.A.(1987): Mineral deposits on the deep seabed. Marine Mining, 6, 109-119.
• Ingri,J. and Ponter,C.(1987): Rare earth abundance patterns in ferromanganese concretions from the Gulf of Bothnia and the Barents Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 155-161.
• Landing,W.M. and Bruland,K.W.(1987): The contrasting biogeochemistry of iron and manganese in the Pacific Ocean. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 29-43.
• Mullineaux,L.S.(1987): Organisms living on manganese nodules and crusts: distribution and abundance at three North Pacific sites. Deep-Sea Research, 34(2), 165-184.
• Pichocki,C. and Hoffert,M.(1987): Characteristics of Co-rich ferromanganese nodules and crusts sampled in French Polynesia. Marine Geology, 77, 109-119.
• Piper,D.Z. , Swint-Iki,T.R. and McCoy,F.W.(1987): Distribution of ferromanganese nodules in the Pacific Ocean. Chem. Erde, 46, 171-184.【見る→】
  『太平洋の鉄マンガン団塊の分布』
• Rao,V.P.(1987): Mineralogy of polymetallic nodules and associated sediments from the Central Indian Ocean Basin. Marine Geology, 74, 151-157.
• Rogers,J.(1987): Seismic, bathymetric and photographic evidence of widespread erosion and a manganese-nodule pavement along the continental rise of the Southeast Cape Basin. Marine Geology, 78, 57-76.
• Usui,A., Nishumura,A., Tanahashi,M. and Terashima,S.(1987): Local variability of manganese nodule facies on small abyssal hills of the Central Pacific Basin. Marine Geology, 74, 237-275.

【１９８６年】

• Balistrieri,L.S. and Murray,J.W.(1986): The surface chemistry of sediments from the Panama Basin: The influence of Mn oxides on metal adsorption. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 2235-2243.
• Fehn,U.(1986): The evolution of low-temperature convection cells near spreading centers: A mechanism for the formation of the Galapagos mounds and similar manganese deposits. Economic Geology, 81, 1396-1407.
• Halbach,P.(1986): Processes controlling the heavy metal distribution in Pacific ferromanganese nodules and crusts. Geologische Rundschau, 75(1), 235-247.【見る→】
  『太平洋の鉄マンガン団塊とクラストにおいて重金属分布をコントロールする過程』
• Hastings,D. and Emerson,S.(1986): Oxidation of manganese by spores of a marine bacillus: Kinetic and thermodynamic considerations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 1819-1824.
• Klinkhammer,G., Elderfield,H., Greaves,M., Rona,P. and Nelsen,T.(1986): Manganese geochemistry near high-temperature vents in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 80, 230-240.
• Klinkhammer,G. and Hudson,A.(1986): Dispersal patterns for hydrothermal plumes in the South Pacific using manganese as a tracer. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 79, 241-249.
• Lalou,C., Thompson,G., Rona,P.A., Brichet,E. and Jehanno,C.(1986): Chronology of selected hydrothermal Mn oxide deposits from the transatlantic geotraverse “TAG” area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26ﾟN. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 1737-1743.
• Manheim,F.T.(1986): Marine cobalt resources. Science, 232, 600-608.【見る→】
  『海洋コバルト資源』
• Pedersen,T.F., Vogel,J.S. and Southon,J.R.(1986): Copper and manganese in hemipelagic sediments at 21ﾟN, East Pacific Rise: Diagenetic contrasts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 2019-2031.
• Thomson,J., Higgs,N.C., Jarvis,I., Hydes,D.J., Colley,S. and Wilson,T.R.S.(1986): The behaviour of manganese in Atlantic carbonate sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 1807-1818.
• von Stackelberg,U.(1986): Entstehung der Manganknollen im aquatorialen Nordpazifik. Fortschr.Miner., 64(2), 151-162.
• Wang,Y.L., Liu,Y.-G. and Schmitt,R.A.(1986): Rare earth element geochemistry of South Atlantic deep sea sediments: Ce anomaly change at 〜54My. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 1337-1355.

【１９８５年】

• Aplin,A.C. and Cronan,D.S.(1985): Ferromanganese oxide deposits from the Central Pacific Ocean, I. Encrustations from the Line Islands Archipelago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 49, 427-436.
• Aplin,A.C. and Cronan,D.S.(1985): Ferromanganese oxide deposits from the Central Pacific Ocean, II. Nodules and associated sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 49, 437-451.
• deBaar,H.J.W., Brewer,P.G. and Bacon,M.P.(1985): Anomalies in rare earth distributions in seawater: Gd and Tb. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 49, 1961-1969.
• de Baar,H.J.W., Bacon,M.P. and Brewer,P.G.(1985): Rare earth elements in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 49, 1943-1959.
• Shiller,A.M., Gieskes,J.M. and Price,N.B.(1985): Particulate iron and manganese in the Santa Barbara Basin, California. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 49, 1239-1249.

【１９８４年】

• Aplin,A.C.(1984): Rare earth element geochemistry of Central Pacific ferromanganese encrustations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 71, 13-22.
• Balistrieri,L.S. and Murray,J.W.(1984): Marine scavenging: Trace metal adsorption by interfacial sediment from MANOP Site H. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 921-929.
• Bender,M.L. and Heggie,D.T.(1984): Fate of organic carbon reaching the deep sea floor: a status report. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 977-986.
• Calvert,S.E. and Piper,D.Z.(1984): Geochemistry of ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A, Northern Equatorial Pacific: Multiple diagenetic metal sources in the deep sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 1913-1928.
• Dymond,J., Lyle,M., Finney,B., Piper,D.Z., Murphy,K., Conard,R. and Pisias,N.(1984): Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R−Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 931-949.【見る→】
  『MANOPサイトのH、SおよびRからの鉄マンガン団塊−多くの重なった過程によってコントロールされた鉱物組成と化学組成』
• Finney,B., Heath,G.R. and Lule.M.(1984): Growth rates of manganese-rich nodules at MANOP Site H (Eastern North Pacific). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 911-919.
• Gardner,W.D., Sullivan,L.G. and Thorndike,E.M.(1984): Long-term photographic, current, and nephelometer observations of manganese nodule environments in the Pacific. Earth and Planetary science Letters, 70, 95-109.
• Graybeal,A.L. and Heath,G.R.(1984): Remobilization of transition metals in surficial pelagic sediments from the eastern Pacific. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 965-975.
• Huh,C.-A. and Ku,T.-L.(1984): Radiochemical observations on manganese nodules from three sedimentary environments in the north Pacific. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 951-963.
• Kalhorn,S. and Emerson,S.(1984): The oxidation state of manganese in surface sediments of the deep sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 897-902.
• Lyle,M., Heath,G.R. and Robbins,J.M.(1984): Transport and release of transition elements during early diagenesis: Sequential leaching of sediments from MANOP Sites M and H. Part I. pH 5 acetic acid leach. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 1704-1715.
• Mckelvey,V.E., Wright,N.A. and Bowen,R.W.(1984): World distribution of metal-rich subsea manganese nodules: a summary. In, Vol.12 Metallogenesis and mineral Ore Deposits, 311-339, Proc. 27th Int. Geol. Cong., VNU Science Press.
• Moorby,S.A., Cronan,D.S. and Glasby,G.P.(1984): Geochemistry of hydrothermal Mn-oxide deposits from the S.W.Pacific island arc. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 433-441.
• Moore,W.S.(1984): Thorium and radium isotopic relationships in manganese nodules and sediments at MANOP Site S. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 987-992.
• Murray,J.W., Balistrieri,L.S. and Paul,B.(1984): The oxidation state of manganese in marine sediments and ferromanganese nodules. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 1237-1247.
• Piper,D.Z., Basler,J.R. and Bischoff,J.L.(1984): Oxidation state of marine manganese nodules. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 2347-2355.
• Reimers,C.E., Kalhorn,S., Emerson,S.R. and Nealson,K.H.(1984): Oxygen consumption rates in pelagic sediments from the Central Pacific: First estimates from microelectrode profiles. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 903-910.

【１９８２年】

• Marchig,V. and Gundlach,H.(1982): Material balance in manganese nodule formation (North Central Pacific). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46, 693-695.
• Marchig,V., Gundlach,H., Moller,P. and Schley,F.(1982): Some geochemical indicators for discrimination between diagenetic and hydrothermal metalliderous sediments. Marine Geology, 50, 241-256.
• Pedersen,T.F. and Price,N.B.(1982): The geochemistry of manganese carbonate in Panama Basin sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46, 59-68.

【１９８１年】

• Heath,G.R.(1981): Ferromanganese nodules of the deep sea. Economic Geology, 75th Anniversary Volume, 736-765.【見る→】
  『深海の鉄マンガン団塊』
• Marchig,V. and Gundlach,H.(1981): Separation of iron from manganese and growth of manganese nodules as a consequence of diagenetic ageing of radiolarians. Marine Geology, 40, M35-M43.

【１９８０年】

• Toth,J.R.(1980): Deposition of submarine crusts rich in manganese and iron. Geological Society of America Bulletin, Part I, 91, 44-54.【見る→】
  『マンガンおよび鉄に富む海底クラストの堆積』
• Wedepohl,K.H.(1980): Potential sources for manganese oxide precipitation in the oceans. 13-22. In I.M.Varentsov and Gy.Grasselly (eds.) Geology and Geochemistry of Manganese Volume III Manganese on the Bottom of Recent Basins, E.Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.

【１９７９年】

• Addy,S.K.(1979): Rare earth element patterns in manganese nodules and micronodules from northwest Atlantic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 43, 1105-1115.

【１９７８年】

• Grill,E.V.(1978): The effect of sediment-water exchange on manganese deposition and nodule growth in Jervis Inlet, British Columbia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 42, 485-494.
• Nohara,M.(1978): The geochemistry of manganese nodules from the Central Pacific Basin. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 84(6), 281-298.

【１９７６年】

• Brockamp,O.(1976): Dissolution and transport of manganese by organic acids and their role in sedimentary Mn ore formation. Sedimentology, 23, 579-586.

【１９７４年】

• Scott,M.R., Scott,R.B., Rona,P.A., Butler,L.W. and Nalwalk,A.J.(1974): Rapidly accumulating manganese deposit from the median valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geophysical Research Letters, 1(8), 355-358

【１９６９年】

• Bostrom,K. and Peterson,M.N.A.(1969): The origin of aluminum-poor ferromanganoan sediments in areas of high heat flow on the East Pacific Rise. Marine Geology, 7, 427-447.