Introduction
Part I. Marine geochemistry of dispersed manganese
Chapter I. Manganese supply to the ocean
Mangabese in river discharge
Manganese in the atomosphere
Cosmogenic manganese
Volcanogenic and hydrothermal manganese
Chapter II. Manganese in sea water and suspension
Dissolved manganese
Suspended manganese
Chapter III. Manganese in sea organisms
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Forms of manganese occurrence
Macrophetes
Coelenterata
Molluscs
Benthic Crustacea
Echinodermata
Fishes
Sea mammals
Sea birds
Chapter IV. Manganese deposition from oceanic waters
Waters
Chemical deposition
Coagulation
Sorption
Biogenic deposition
Chapter V. Manganese in marine and oceanic sediments
Concentration and distribution of manganese in the upper sedimentary
layer
Manganese content and distribution in subsurface sedimentd
Forms of manganese occurrence in sediments
Chapter VI. Manganese in pore water of marine and oceanic sediments
Inland basins
Peripheral zones of the ocean
Pelagic zones of the ocean
Metalliferous sediments
General review of the data presented
Part II. Geochemistry of manganese nodules
Chapter VII. Manganese nodules: distribution and structure
Distribution of nodules
Morphology of nodules
Internal structure of nodules
Mineralogy of nodules
Chapter VIII. Major ore elements of manganese nodules
Concentration and distribution of metals in nodules from various
areas of the world ocean
Composition of manganese nodules and oceanic bottom environment
Compositional variability of individual nodules and relations
between metals
Forms of metals in nodules and relations between in the composition
of nodules and sediments
Chapter IX. Major lithic elements in nodules
Concentration of lithic elements in nodules
Distribution of lithic elements in nodules
Forms of lithic elements in nodules
Chapter X. Microelements in manganese nodules
Rare alkaline elements
Rare metals of the second group of periodic table
Rare metals of the third group of periodic table
Rare metals of the fourth group of periodic table
Rare metals of the fifth group of periodic table
Rare elements of the sixth group of periodic table
Radioactive metals
Noble metals and rhenium
Halogens
Rare metalloids
Gases
Average contents and concentration coefficients of elements in
nodules
Chapter XI. Age and Accretion rates of manganese nodules
Brief historical note and methods
Accretion rates of nodules
Reliability of nodule dating
Chapter XII. Problems of origin of manganese nodules
Source of ore matter and manganese balance in the ocean
Direct sources of material supply to nodules
Why do manganese nodules rest on the sediment surface?
Biogenic aspects in manganese nodule genesis
Genesis of sulphide minerals and native metals in manganese nodules
Conclusions
References
Subject Index