『Abstract
Manganese (Mn) ore deposits are widely distributed in China and can be divided into six types based on origin and subsequent modifications: (1) sedimentary, (2) volcanic-sedimentary, (3) metamorphosed, (4) hydrothermally modified, (5) hydrothermal, and (6) supergene. Sedimentary and supergene Mn ore deposits are economically the most important. Mn ore deposits and ore-bearing sequences are distributed temporally from the Proterozoic through the Quaternary, but they principally are Middle Proterozoic, Sinian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic and Quaternary ages. The largest Mn metallogenic periods in China are Sinian and Devonian, in contrast to the widespread Proterozoic, Cretaceous and Oligocene Mn deposits found elsewhere in the world. Mn-bearing stratigraphic successions in China can be divided into six types of lithologic associations: (1) black shale series, (2) chert-mudstone-limestone, (3) carbonate,
(4) mudrock-carbonate, (5) volcanic-sedimentary, and (6) Epeirogenic clastic rock types. The most important Mn metallogenic regions in China are: (1) Yanliao, (2) border of Hunan-Sichuan-Guizhou-Hubei Provinces, (3) Southern Shaanxi and northeastern Sichuan, (4) Middle Guizhou and eastern Yunnan, (5) Southwestern Guangxi, (6) Southeast Yunnan, (7) Hunan-Guangxi-Guangdong-Fujian, and (8) Xinjiang. The most striking characteristics of Mn ore deposits in China are the wide distribution in geological ages and variety of compositional types of ores, such as Fe-Mn, B-Mn, P-Mn, Co-Mn, Ca-Mn, Ca-Mg-Mn, among others. The primary Mn ores of China are mainly Mn carbonates.

Keywords: Mn ore deposits; classification; distribution; mn-bearing associations; metallogenesis; ages; China』

1. Introduction
2. Classification of Mn ore deposits of China
2.1. Sedimentary Mn deposits
2.2. Volcanoc-sedimentary Mn deposits
2.3. Metamorphosed Mn deposits
2.4. Hydrothermally modified sedimentary Mn deposits
2.5. Hydrothermal Mn deposits
2.6. Supergene Mn deposits
3. Mineralogical assemblages and element associations
3.1. Mineralogical assemblages
3.2. Element associations
4. Metallogenic epochs and regions
4.1. Metallogenic epochs and element assemblage evolution
4.2. Mn-bearing associationa and tectonics
4.3. Major metallogenic regions
5. Comparative characteristics of Mn ore deposits
Acknowledgements
References