『Abstract
Solute yields, laboratory dissolution data and both chemical
and isotopic markers of rock weathering reactions are used to
characterise the biogeochemistry of glacial meltwaters draining
a maritime Antarctic glacier. We find that delayed flowpaths through
ice-marginal talus and moraine sediments are critical for the
acquisition of solute from rock minerals because delayed flowpaths
through subglacial sediments are absent beneath this small, cold-based
glacier. Here the mechanisms of weathering are similar to those
reported in subglacial environments, and include sub-oxic conditions
in the early summer and increasingly oxic conditions thereafter.
Up to 85% of the NO3- and 65%
of the SO42- are most likely produced
by bacterially mediated reactions in these ice marginal sediments.
However, reactive pyrite phases are sparse in the host rocks,
limiting the export of Fe, SO42-
and cations that may be removed by weathering once pyrite oxidation
has taken place. This means that dissolution of Ca2+
and Na+ from carbonate and silicate minerals dominate,
producing moderate cationic denudation yields from Tuva Glacier
(163 Σ*meq+ m-2 a-1)
compared to a global range of values (94-4,200 Σ*meq+
m-2 a-1). Overall, crustally derived cations
represent 42% of the total cationic flux, the rest being accounted
for by snowpack sources.
Keywords: Antarctica; Chemical denudation; Glacial meltwater;
Rock-water interaction』
Introduction
Field site
Methods
Hydrochemical sampling
Stable isotope sampling
Hydrological monitoring
Dissolution experiments
Analytical methods
Stable isotope analysis
Correction of δ18ONO3 for organic
matter
Correction for marine salts
Results
Non-snowpack solute transfer
Cation composition
Major anion composition and CO2 partial
pressures
Nitrogen biogeochemistry
Chemistry and stable isotopes of C,N,O and S
Discussion
Seasonal melting, flowpaths and the concentrations of non-snowpack
ions
Carbonate weathering and its coupling to pyrite oxidation
Fe and *SO42- liberation:
fingerprints of microbial weathering?
Microbial processes and the provision of non-snowpack N
Rock weathering yields
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References