Hodson,A., Heaton,T., Langford,H. and Newsham,K.(2010): Chemical weathering and solute export by meltwater in a maritime Antarctic glacier basin. Biogeochemistry, 98, 9-27.

『南極氷河盆地の海域における化学風化と融水による溶質流出』


Abstract
 Solute yields, laboratory dissolution data and both chemical and isotopic markers of rock weathering reactions are used to characterise the biogeochemistry of glacial meltwaters draining a maritime Antarctic glacier. We find that delayed flowpaths through ice-marginal talus and moraine sediments are critical for the acquisition of solute from rock minerals because delayed flowpaths through subglacial sediments are absent beneath this small, cold-based glacier. Here the mechanisms of weathering are similar to those reported in subglacial environments, and include sub-oxic conditions in the early summer and increasingly oxic conditions thereafter. Up to 85% of the NO3- and 65% of the SO42- are most likely produced by bacterially mediated reactions in these ice marginal sediments. However, reactive pyrite phases are sparse in the host rocks, limiting the export of Fe, SO42- and cations that may be removed by weathering once pyrite oxidation has taken place. This means that dissolution of Ca2+ and Na+ from carbonate and silicate minerals dominate, producing moderate cationic denudation yields from Tuva Glacier (163 Σ*meq+ m-2 a-1) compared to a global range of values (94-4,200 Σ*meq+ m-2 a-1). Overall, crustally derived cations represent 42% of the total cationic flux, the rest being accounted for by snowpack sources.

Keywords: Antarctica; Chemical denudation; Glacial meltwater; Rock-water interaction』

Introduction
Field site
Methods
 Hydrochemical sampling
 Stable isotope sampling
 Hydrological monitoring
 Dissolution experiments
 Analytical methods
 Stable isotope analysis
 Correction of δ18ONO3 for organic matter
 Correction for marine salts
Results
 Non-snowpack solute transfer
 Cation composition
 Major anion composition and CO2 partial pressures
 Nitrogen biogeochemistry
 Chemistry and stable isotopes of C,N,O and S
Discussion
 Seasonal melting, flowpaths and the concentrations of non-snowpack ions
 Carbonate weathering and its coupling to pyrite oxidation
 Fe and *SO42- liberation: fingerprints of microbial weathering?
 Microbial processes and the provision of non-snowpack N
 Rock weathering yields
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References


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