『Abstract
The major cation and anion compositions of waters from the Lake
Qinghai river system (LQRS) in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
were measured. The waters were collected seasonally from five
main rivers during pre-monsoon (late May), monsoon (late July),
and post-monsoon (middle October). The LQRS waters are all very
alkaline and have high concentrations of TDS (total dissolved
solids) compared to rivers draining the Himalayas and the southeastern
Tibetan Plateau. Seasonal variations in the water chemistry show
that, except the Daotang River, the TDS concentrations is high
in October and low in July in the LQRS waters. The forward models
were used to quantify the input of three main rivers (Buha River,
Shaliu River, and Hargai River) from rain, halite, carbonates,
and silicates. The results suggest that (1) atmospheric input
is the first important source for the waters of the Nuha River
and the Shaliu River, contributing 36-57% of the total dissolved
cations, (2) carbonate weathering input and atmospheric input
have equal contribution to the Hargai River water, (3) carbonate
weathering has higher contribution to these rivers than silicate
weathering, and (4) halite is also important source for the Buha
River. The Daotang River water is dominated by halite input owing
to its underlying old lacustrine sediments. The water compositions
of the Heima River are controlled by carbonate weathering and
rainfall input in monsoon season, and groundwater input may be
important in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. After being
corrected the atmospheric input, average CO2
drawdown via silicate weathering in the LQRS is 35×103
mol/km2 per year, with highest in monsoon season, lower
than Himalayas and periphery of Tibetan Plateau rivers but higher
than some rivers draining shields.
Keywords: Seasonal variation; Chemical weathering; Lake Qinghai
river system』
Introduction
Study area
Geological setting, climate, and vegetation
Sampling and analytical methods
Results and discussion
General observations
Sources of major ions
Carbonate and silicate weathering to major ions
Other sources for Na, Cl and SO4
Relative contribution of silicate weathering versus carbonate
weathering and uncertainties
Correction for atmospheric input
Uncertainties of atmospheric input correction
Quantification of chemical weathering sources
Flux calculation
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References