『Abstract
　The central highlands of Madagascar are characterized by rolling hills thickly mantled with saprolite and cut in many areas by dramatic gullies known as lavakas. This landscape generates sediment to rivers via diffusive downslope movement of colluvium and event-driven advection of material from active lavakas; these two sediment sources have very different ¹⁰Be signatures. Analyzed lavaka sediment has very little ¹⁰Be (0.8-10×10⁵ atoms ¹⁰Be g^-1), consist with deep excavation liberating previously shielded saprolite with little exposure to cosmic rays. Colluvium, in contrast, has greater ¹⁰Be concentrations (6-21×10⁵ atoms ¹⁰Be g^-1), reflecting long residence times in the near-surface environment. Comparison of ¹⁰Be abundance in hillslope, lavaka, and river sediment samples indicates that lavakas dominate the mass input to rivers (84％ by volume) in spite of the fact that they occupy a small fraction of the land surface area. River terrace sediments that are at least a millennium old have ¹⁰Be concentrations indistinguishable from those of modern lavaka-dominated river sands, from which we infer that lavakas were widespread on the landscape at or before the time that humans colonized the central highlands. Erosion rates derived from cosmogenic ¹⁰Be in river sediment average approximately 12 m m.yr.^-1, or about 32 t km^-2 yr^-1, which is three orders of magnitude lower than commonly reported erosion rates for Madagascar.』

Introduction
Setting
Methods
Results and interpretation
　Colluvium
　Lavaka erosion
　Rivers and their watersheds
　Looking at the premodern: A view from the terrace
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References cited