Dey,S., Rai,A.K. and Chaki,A.(2009): Palaeoweathering, composition and tectonics of provenance of the Proterozoic intracratonic Kaladgi-Badami basin, Karnataka, southern India: Evidence from sandstone petrography and geochemistry. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 34, 703-715.

『インド南部のカルナタカの原生代クラトン内カラジ−バダミ盆地の供給源の古風化作用と組成とテクトニクス:砂岩の岩石学的および地球化学的性質からの証拠』


Abstract
 Petrographic and geochemical data on the sandstones of the Proterozoic intracratonic Kaladgi-Badami basin, southern India are presented to elucidate the palaeoweathering pattern, and composition and tectonics of their provenance. The Kaladgi-Badami basin, hosting the Kaladgi Supergroup, occupies an E-W trending area. The supergroup unconformably overlies Archean basement TTG gneisses, granites and greenstones, comprises a cyclic arenite-pelite-carbonate association and is divided into the Bagalkot and Badami Groups. The immature arkosic character of the basal Saundatti Quartzite Member (Bagalkot Group) containing fresh and angular feldspars, along the northern margin of the basin, suggests that during the initial stage of deposition, this part of the basin received sediments from a restricted, uplifted and less weathered source dominated by K-rich granites occurring to the north. In contrast, the Saundatti Quartzite along the southern margin displays a mostly mature, quartz-rich character with less abundant but severely weathered feldspars, and higher SiO2 and CIA but lower Al2O3, TiO2, Rb, Sr, Ba, K2O, K2O/Na2O, Zr/Ni and Zr/Cr. This is interpreted in terms of a tectonically stable, considerably weathered mixed source (Archean gneisses, granites and greenstones) along the southern fringe of the basin. The highly mature (quartz arenite) Muchkundi Quartzite Member (also of the Bagalkot Group), occurring higher up in the succession, exhibits minor but severely altered feldspars, and higher SiO2, Na2O, CIA, Cr and Ni with lower K2O, Al2O3, TiO2 and K2O/Na2O. This reflects that with the passage of time the source evolved to a uniform, extensively weathered, tectonically stable peneplained provenance which consisted of less evolved TTG gneisses and greenstones. This was followed by closure, deformation and upliftment of the basin hosting the Bagalkot Group and subsequent deposition of the Badami Group. Sandstone Members of this younger Group (Cave-Temple Arenite and Belikhindi Arenite) range widely in mineralogy (quartz arenite to arkose) band chemistry (including CIA), and point to a source that varied from uplifted, less weathered K-rich granites to less evolved, peneplained TTG gneisses and greenstones or even Bagalkot sediments. Variable alteration of feldspars in the Kaladgi sandstones and severe depletion of Ca, Na and Sr in the associated shales indicate a humid tropical (tropical and subtropical) climate facilitating chemical weathering.

Keywords: Kaladgo-Badami basin; Petrography; Geochemistry; Sandstone; Palaeoweathering; Provenance; Tectonics』

1. Introduction
2. Geology of the Kaladgi-Badami basin
3. Methodology
4. Petrography
 4.1. Saundatti Quartzite
 4.2. Muchkundi Quartz
 4.3. Cave-Temple Arenite
 4.4. Belikhindi Arenite
5. Geochemistry
6. Discussion
 6.1. Source
 6.2. Palaeoweathering and palaeoclimate
 6.3. Provenance tectonics and basin evolution
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References


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