Hren,M.T., Chamberlain,C.P., Hilley,G.E., Blisniuk,P.M. and Bookhagen,B.(2007): Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71, 2907-2935.

『ヤルツァンボ河−ブラフマプトラ川の主要イオン化学組成:ヒマラヤのチベット高原と東方延長部における化学風化、浸食、およびCO2消費』


Abstract
 The Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra river drains a large portion of the Himalaya and southern Tibetan plateau, including the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, one of the most tectonically active regions on the globe. We measured the solute chemistry of 161 streams and major tributaries of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra to examine the effect of tectonic, climatic, and geologic factors on chemical weathering rates. Specifically, we quantify chemical weathering fluxes and CO2 consumption by silicate weathering in southern Tibet and the eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya, examine the major chemical weathering reactions in the tributaries of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra, and determine the total weathering flux from carbonate and silicate weathering processes in this region. We show that high precipitation, rapid tectonic uplift, steep channel slopes, and high stream power generate high rates of chemical weathering in the eastern syntaxis. The total dissolved solids (TDS) flux from the this area is greater than 520 tons km-2 yr-1 and the silicate cation flux more than 34 tons km-2 yr-1. In total, chemical weathering of the total CO2 consumption by silicate weathering in the Brahmaputra catchment is derived from only 4% of the total land area of the basin. Hot springs and evaporite weathering provide significant contributions to dissolved Na+ and Cl- fluxes throughout southern Tibet, comprising more than 50% of all Na+ in some stream systems. Carbonate weathering generates 80-90% of all dissolved Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations in much of the Yarlung Tsangpo catchment.』

1. Introduction
2. Geologic setting
 2.1. The Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra and the Tibetan plateau
 2.2. Namche Barwa and the eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya
3. Climate, vegetation, and hydrology of the Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra
 3.1. Hydrology and climate of the Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra
 3.2. Physical erosion rates in the Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra basin
4. Sampling and chemical analysis
 4.1. Stream solute chemistry
 4.2. Composition of stream bedload
 4.3. Chemical flux measurements
5. Results and discussion
 5.1. The solute chemistry of the Nyang, Po and Yarlung Tsangpo
 5.2. Timing of stream sampling and flux estimates
 5.3. Correction for atmospheric and hot-spring inputs to stream water dissolved ions
 5.4. Silicate versus carbonate weathering reactions
 5.5. Chemical denudation rates in the Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra basin
 5.6. Relationships between climate, tectonics, and chemical weathering
 5.7. The role of the eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya on the chemical weathering budget of the Brahmaputra
6. Conclusions and implications
Acknowledgments
References


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