『Abstract
The stone pagoda of the Bunhwangsa temple in Republic of Korea
was made of piling small brick-shaped stones. The majority of
stone bricks are andesitic rocks with variable geneses. Rock properties
of the pagoda roof suffer partial significant deterioration, such
as multiple peel-offs, exfoliation, onion-peel-like decomposition,
cracks forming round lines and falling-off stone pieces. The stylobates
and tabernacles at the four corners are composed of granitic rocks,
which are heavily contaminated by lichens and mosses. Some of
these contamination marks show dark black or yellowish brown colors
by inorganic secondary hydrates. The four tabernacles and northern
face of the pagoda body have been exposed to relatively high humidity,
which causes light gray efflorescence as stalactites between the
northern and western sides of the body. The efflorescences are
composed of calcite, gypsum and clay minerals. The stone lion
statues at the southeast and northeast corners are made of alkali
granite, while the others are lithic tuff. Total rock properties
of the pagoda consist of 9,708 stone bricks. among them, 11.0%
are fractured, 6.7% are fallen off, and 7.0% show considerable
surface efflorescence, which shows that the pagoda has been highly
deteriorated by physical, chemical and biological weathering.
The authors strongly suggest long-term monitoring and comprehensive
conservation researches,
Keywords: Stone pagoda; Andesite; Granite; Lithic tuff; Contamination;
Weathering; Korea』
Introduction
Current state and conditions
Analytical methods
Properties of the rock materials
Petrological characteristics
Mineralogical and chemical characteristics
Evaluation of weathering damages
Structural instability
Physical weathering damages
Damages by inorganic pollutants
Contamination by organic pollutants
Discussion on conservation sciences
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References