『Abstract
　This review paper aims at providing a list of methods available to measure sediment accumulation in underwater or intertidal environments over short-term periods (in the order of hours to months at the most), both in situ and under laboratory conditions. Methods are classified based on two criteria: (a) whether they measure sediment accumulation or sediment elevation change and (b) whether they allow continuous or discontinuous measurements. The main characteristics of each method are outlined, along with its vertical resolution, its accuracy, its temporal resolution, its spatial coverage capacity, and an indication of its relative cost. Typical examples of applications are also provided. The purpose of this review is to be a starting point for readers who need an overview of existing techniques that measure short-term sediment accumulation, in order to guide and facilitate, for instance, the selection of an appropriate technique for a given application with set requirements.

Keywords: sediment accumulation; elevation change; method; review』

1. Introduction
　1.1. Definition of short time scale accumulation
　1.2. Definition of sediment accumulation
　1.3. Classification of methods for measuring short-term sediment accumulation

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表１　短時間の堆積物の集積と表面高さの変化を測定するために用いられる方法のリスト

方法	出典 （例）	垂直 分解能	精度	空間適用範囲	費用	時間分解能
堆積物の集積
Marker horizon	Cahoon and Turner(1989)	1 mm	33-86％ 報告値	1〜10 m	低〜中	不連続 （実測間隔）
Anchored tiles	Pasternack and Brush(1998)	0.001μm （推定）	NA	1 m	低
Ruler	Ridd(1992)	1 mm	NA	NA （実験室）	低
Sediment traps	Butman(1986)	NA	NA	点	低〜中
SSC changes	Wattayakorn et al.(1990)	NA	検量における 誤差	10 m〜1 km （収支）	中
OBS（堆積物集積センサー）	Ridd et al.(2001), Thomas et al.(2002)	0.2μm	静止水で95％、流水で70％	点	高	連続 （記録間隔）
Gravimetric balance	Renagi(1999)	0.2μm	NA	NA （実験室）	中
Video camera	Davies(1985)	NA	NA	点	高
表面高さの変化
Graduated pegs	Spenceley(1982)	1 mm	NA	点	低	不連続 （実測間隔）
SET	Boumans and Day(1993)	1.5 mm	95％	1 m	中
Radionuclides	Alvisi et al.(2001)	NA	NA	点	高
Echo-sounder	Verlaan and Spanhoff(2000)	1〜10 cm	NA	1 km	中〜高
OBS（sedimeter）	Erlingsson(1991)	0.1 mm	NA	点	高	連続 （記録間隔）
PEEP	Lawler(1991)	2 mm	NA	点	高
Electro-resistivity bed-level sensor	Ridd(1992)	1 mm	NA	点	高

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2. Measuring sediment accumulation
　2.1. Discontinuous methods
　　2.1.1. Marker horizon method
　　2.1.2. Anchored tile method
　　2.1.3. Ruler method
　　2.1.4. Sediment trap method
　　2.1.5. Measuring changes in SSC
　2.2. Quasi-continuous methods
　　2.2.1. Optical backscatter sensors
　　2.2.2. Gravimetric balance method
　　2.2.3. Video camera
3. Measuring surface elevation changes
　3.1. Discontinuous techniques
　　3.1.1. Graduated pegs
　　3.1.2. Sediment erosion table
　　3.1.3. Short-term radionuclides
　　3.1.4. Acoustic sensor methods
　3.2. Quasi-continuous techniques
　　3.2.1. Optical backscatter sensors
　　3.2.2. Photo-electronic erosion pin
　　3.2.3. Conductivity sensors
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References