『Abstract
Naturally weathered olivine occurring as phenocrysts in Hawai'ian
volcanic rocks from several volcanic centers and regolith/outcrop
settings, and as tectonized olivines from several metadunite bodies
in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge, are all similarly corroded
by natural weathering. Conical (funnel-shaped) etch pits occur
as individual pits, base-to-base pairs of cone-shaped pits, or
en echelon arrays. Etch-pit shapes and orientations in
the smallest etch-pit arrays visible in conventional scanning
electron microscopy resemble even smaller features previously
reported from transmission electron microscope investigations
of olivine weathering. Etch pits occur in samples with chemical
and/or mineralogical evidence of weathering, and/or are associated
with, or proximal or directly connected to, fractures or exposed
outcrop surface, and therefore are formed by weathering and not
inherited from pre-weathering aqueous alteration (e.g., serpentinization,
iddingsitization) of these parent rocks. Many etch pits are devoid
of weathering products. Natural weathering of olivine is surface-reaction-limited.
similarity of corrosion forms from naturally weathered olivine
from multiple igneous and metamorphic parent-rock bodies suggests
that olivine weathers in the same manner regardless of its specific
crystallization/recrystallization history, eruption/weathering/exposure
ages of the olivine's host rock, and the local regolith history.』
1. Introduction
1.1. Background and previous work
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Samples
2.1.1. Basalt
2.1.2. Dunite
2.2. Sample preparation and analysis
3. Results
3.1. Overall and comparative results
3.2. Specific variations between samples at individual localities
3.2.1. Oahu
3.2.2. Hawai'i
3.2.3. Metadunites from southern Appalachian Blue Ridge
4. Discussion
4.1. Various geometric expressions of olivine etch-pit geometry
4.2. Formation of olivine etch pits exclusively by low-temperature
weathering
4.3. Uniformity of olivine etching during natural weathering
4.4. Implications for reaction mechanism and rate-determining
process
4.5. Comparison with putative biogenic features in naturally
exposed olivine
4.6. Comparison with experimental etching
4.6.1. Comparison with textures formed in abiotic/inorganic
laboratory dissolution-kinetics experiments
4.6.2. Similarities and variations of corrosion features with
olivine composition
4.6.3. Comparison with textures formed in biotically mediated
laboratory experiments
4.6.4. Comparison with textures formed by extreme etchants
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References