wAbstract
@We investigated the nature and rates of in-situ CO2-fluid-rock
reactions during an aqueous phase CO2 injection
test. Two push-pull test experiments were performed at the Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory test site (New York, USA): a non reactive control
test without CO2 addition and a reactive
test with CO2 equilibrated with the injected
solution at a partial pressure of 1.105 Pa. The injected
solution contained chemical and isotopic conservative tracers
(NaCl and 18O) and was injected in an isolated and
permeable interval at approximately 250 m depth. The injection
interval was located at the contact zone between the Palisades
sill (chilled dolerite) and the underlying metamorphic Newark
Basin sediments and the injected solution incubated within this
interval for roughly 3 weeks. Physico-chemical parameters were
measured on the surface (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity)
and water samples were collected for chemical (Dissolved Inorganic
Carbon - DIC, major ions) as well as for isotopic (Β13CDIC, Β18O) analyses.
@For the control test, post-injection chemical and isotopic compositions
of recovered water samples display mixing between the background
water and the injected solution. For the reactive CO2
test, observed Β13CDIC and DIC
both increase, and enrichment in Ca2+, Mg2+,
K+ allow for quantification of the chemical pathways
through which aqueous CO2 and subsequent
H2CO3 were converted
into HCO3-. Dissolution of carbonate
minerals was the dominant H2CO3
neutralization process (ΰ52}7), followed by cation exchange and/or
dissolution of silicate minerals (ΰ45}10, for both processes),
and to a minor extent, mixing of the injected solution with the
formation water (ΰ3}1). The results confirm the rapid dissolution
kinetics of carbonate minerals compared to those of basic silicate
minerals. However, our results remain marked by uncertainties
due to the natural variability of the background water composition,
in mass balance calculations. These experiments imply that the
use of accurate DIC measurements can quantify the relative contribution
of CO2-fluid-rock reactions and evaluate
the geochemical trapping potential for CO2
storage in reactive reservoir environments.
Keywords: Stable isotopes (Β13C,Β18O); Carbon
geological storage; CO2-water-rock interactionx
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
@2.1. Single well push-pull test
@2.2. Analytical methods
3. Results
@3.1. Control test
@3.2. CO2 test
@3.3. Mixing end-members
@3.4. Chemical and carbon isotopic compositions of crushed rock
samples
4. Discussion
@4.1. CO2 reactivity
@4.2. Uncertainty analysis
@4.3. Major ion chemical data
@4.4. Mass balance of H2CO3
consumption
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References