Kraal,P., Slomp,C.P. and de Lange,G.J.(2010): Sedimentary organic carbon to phosphorus ratios as a redox proxy in Quaternary records from the Mediterranean. Chemical Geology, 277, 167-177.

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wAbstract
@In this study, organic carbon to organic phosphorus (Corg/Porg) and total phosphorus (Corg/Ptot) ratios as bottom water redox proxies are explored for two eastern Mediterranean sediment records extending back `600-700 kyrs. Cores KC19C (19.6 m long, 2750 m water depth) and KC01B (37.0 m long, 3643 m water depth) contain numerous organic-rich layers (sapropels). Throughout the two cores, variations found in the Corg/P ratios correspond to those for other redox proxies such as total S contents and V/Al ratios. Accordingly, these are interpreted as variations in bottom water oxygenation and inter-sapropel redox variability. In core KC19C, the original Corg/P signals seem to have been preserved despite intense post-depositional sulfidization. High-resolution P fractionation data of sapropel S5 from a third core (PS25PC, 3304 m water depth) showing high and relatively stable Corg/Porg ratios, indicate that sapropel S5 at this deep location was deposited under permanently reducing conditions. While P regeneration from organic matter was intense, net P burial increased in the sapropel due to enhanced burial of inorganic calcium phosphate, likely biogenic Ca-P. Sediment P contents and Corg/Ptot ratios in S5 are variable, reflecting short-term changes in marine conditions (productivity/redox) and sediment chemistry. The Corg/Porg and Corg/Ptot ratios thus provide valuable insight into paleoceanographic conditions and pathways of P cycling for (Mediterranean) sediment records extending back at least `600-700 kyrs.

Keywords: Phosphorus; C/P ratio; Redox proxy; Sapropel; S5; Mediterraneanx

1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
@2.1. Core material
@2.2. Solid phase bulk analyses
@2.3. Phosphorus fractionation
@2.4. Fish debris counts
3. Results
@3.1. Bulk geochemistry of cores KC19C, KC01B and PS25PC
@3.2. Phosphorus fractionation in cores PS25PC and KC19C
4. Discussion
@4.1. Stability of Corg/P ratios on Quaternary timescales
@4.2. Sediment Corg/P ratios: redox conditions and P cycling during sapropel formation
@4.3. Redox conditions and phosphorus cycling during formation of sapropel S5
5. Conditions
Acknowledgements
References


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