『Abstract
In forest soils where a large fraction of total phosphorus (P)
is in organic forms, soil micro-organisms play a major role in
the P cycle and plant availability since they mediate organic
P transformations. However, the correct assessment of organic
P mineralization is usually a challenging task because mineralized
P is rapidly sorbed and most mineralization fluxes are very weak.
The objectives of the present work were to quantify in five forest
Spodosols at soil depths of 0-15 cm net mineralization of total
organic P and the resulting increase in plant available inorganic
P and to verify whether net or gross P mineralization could be
estimated using the C or N mineralization rates. Net mineralization
of total organic P was derived from the net changes in microbial
P and gross mineralization of P in dead soil organic matter. We
studied very low P^sorbing soils enabling us to use lower extractants
to assess the change in total inorganic P as a result of gross
mineralization of P in dead soil organic matter. In addition,
to enable detection of gross mineralization of P in dead soil
organic matter, a long-term incubation (5178 days) experiment
was carried out. At the beginning of the experiment, total P contents
of the soils were very low (19-51 μg g-1) and were
essentially present as organic P (17-44 μg g-1, 85-91%)
or microbial P (6-14 μg g-1; 24-39%). Conversely, the
initial contents of inorganic P were low (2-7 μg g-1;
9-15%). The net changes in the pool size of microbial P during
the 517 days of incubation (4-8 μg g-1) and the amounts
of P resulting from gross mineralization of dead soil organic
matter (0.001-0.018 μg g-1 day-1; 0.4-9.5
μg g-1 for the entire incubation period) were considerable
compared to the initial amounts of organic P and also when compared
to the initial diffusive iP fraction (<0.3 μg g-1).
Diffusive iP corresponds to the phosphate ions that can be transferred
from the solid constituents to the soil solution under a gradient
of concentration. Net mineralization of organic P induced an important
increase in iP in soil solution (0.6-10 μg g-1; 600-5000%
increase) and lower increases in diffusive iP fractions (0.3-5
μg g-1; 300-2000% increase), soil solid constituents
having an extremely low reactivity relative to iP. Therefore,
soil micro-organisms and organic P transformations play a major
role in the bioavailability of P in these forest soils. In our
study, the dead soil organic matter was defined as a recalcitrant
organic fraction. Probably because gross mineralization of P from
this recalcitrant organic fraction was mainly driven by the micro-organisms'
needs for energy, the rates of gross mineralization of C, N and
P in the recalcitrant organic fraction were similar. Indirect
estimation of gross mineralization of P in dead soil organic matter
using the gross C mineralization rate seems thus an alternative
method for the studied soils. However, additional studies are
needed to verify this alternative method in other soils. No relationships
were found between microbial P release and microbial C and N releases.
Keywords: C/N/P stoichiometry; Dead soil organic matter; Forest
Spodosols; Low P-sorbing; Microbial biomass; Organic P mineralization;
Phosphorus availability』
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Description of study sites and soils
2.2. Experimental design
2.3. Incubation experiment
2.4. Analytical methods during the incubation experiment
2.5. Soil P reactivity and Freundlich kinetics equation
2.6. Data handling and statistics
3. Results
3.1. Physico-chemical soil properties
3.2. Initial phosphorus status
3.3. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization
3.4. Phosphorus mineralization
3.5. Concomitant increase in available inorganic P
4. Discussion
4.1. General considerations in the measurement of organic
P mineralization
4.2. C/N/P stoichiometry in organic fractions and mineralization
fluxes
4.3. Net mineralization of total organic P and available inorganic
P
4.4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Appendix. Supplementary data
References
※リンの抽出法は、Grierson et al.(1998)とPolglase et al.(1992)による。