Carman,R. and Jonsson,P.(1991): Distribution patterns of different forms of phosphorus in some surficial sediments of the Baltic Sea. Chemical Geology, 90, 91-106.

『バルト海のいくつかの表層堆積物中のリンの異なる形態の分布パターン』


Abstract
 The lateral distribution patterns of different forms of phosphorus (P) in some Baltic Sea sediments were investigated by a sequential extraction procedure. The distribution and amount are mainly related to redox state, grain size, organic content and the chemical characteristics of the sediments. Recalculation from mol P per day weight (d. w.) to mol P per unit area indicates that coarse sediments typical of transportation bottoms contain more total P than the finer sediments found in accumulation areas, This is applicable for almost all extracted P fractions.
 The extraction procedure shows that HCl-extractable P, often referred to as apatite-P, is the dominating fraction of almost all sediment types. Oxidized fine-grained sediments of the near-shore area and the archipelago are enriched in the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) extractable P fraction. However, also some transportation bottoms dominated by slightly coarser grain size, i.e. silt instead of clay, have incorporated large amounts of P.
 A rough estimate indicates that the overall importance of a redox-dependent release of P from the sediments is of secondary importance compared to the total amount load.
 A predictive calculation of the importance of a hypothetical oxidation of all accumulation bottoms in the Baltic proper indicates that the optimally adsorbed amount of P to these bottoms may represent about twice the annual load. However, this calculation represents an extreme potential uptake. A more realistic adsorption uptake is probably far less than two years' supply.
 The sorbing capacities of the archipelago and near-shore sediments are today of great importance for the net balance of P in comparison to that of the off-shore sediments. Furthermore, the study also implies that other incorporation mechanisms must occur to balance the total annual load entering the Baltic proper.』

1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
 2.1. Extraction procedure
  2.1.1. Brief background
  2.1.2. Extraction scheme
3. Results and discussion
 3.1. Potential redox-dependent large-scale release/binding of phosphorus
 3.2. The importance and amount of phosphorus association to other particular sediment parameters
4. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgements
References

画分名
抽出剤 方法など 文献
1 交換可能なリン
(exchangeable P)
pH 8.2に調節された1M NaOAc この溶脱ステップはゆるく吸着したリンと孔隙水のリンを抽出することが仮定されている Tessier et al. 1979
2 カルシウムに伴うリン
(Ca-associated P)
pH 5.0に調節された1M NaOAc Ca炭酸塩に伴うリンを示すと推測された;Balzer(1986)は、Williams et al.(1980)からのデータによって還元できる随伴リン画分の前にCaに伴うリンを抽出する必要性を強調した Tessier et al. 1979
3 還元できるリン画分
(reducible P fraction)
硫化水素(H2S この画分は堆積物中の還元できる化学種に伴ったすべてのリンからなり、つまりもっぱら鉄に伴うものである Krom & Berner 1980
4 残った無機リン
(remaining inorganic P)
1M HCl この溶脱ステップはHieltnes & Lijklema(1980)の抽出法と一致する Hieltnes & Lijklema(1980)
5 全無機リン
(total inorganic P)
抽出(1)〜(4)の加算 異なる堆積物試料も1M HClで直接処理されたものとすべての「無機リン画分」の合計との妥当性をチェックすること;この2つのアプローチ間の最大不一致は<±8%であること(表2)  
6 全リン(total P) 5M HNO3 酸化する酸を用いてオートクレーブにより決定する 例えば、Love(1967)
7 有機リン(organic P) 差により決定 全リン量から全無機リン量を差し引く  


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