『Abstract
Characterization of sediment phosphorus is commonly based on
sequential chemical extractions, in which phosphorus is supposed
to be selectively removed from different compounds in the sediments.
The first extraction schemes were designed to quantify discrete
chemical or mineralogical compounds. As extraction schemes have
been tested on different sediments, several systematic errors
have been detected and the schemes have been modified and simplified
accordingly. Other chemical extractions or treatments have attempted
to determine phosphorus bound to particles with a certain strength
or binding energy, the purpose being to determine the labile,
loosely bound, exchangeable, mobile or algal-available fraction
of sediment phosphorus. All extraction procedures yield operationally
defined fractions and cannot be used for identification of discrete
phosphorus compounds. The many methodological modifications make
it necessary to be cautious when comparing results from the literature
in this field.
Key words: phosphorus; sediments; fractionation; forms』
Introduction
Fractionation of phosphorus
Sequential extraction schemes
Other chemical methods
Fractional composition
Functional phosphorus pools
Analytical identification of phosphorus minerals
Conclusions
References
抽出 | 提示された画分 | 欠点 | |
1.Chang & Jackson(1957) |
a. NH4Cl 1 mol/l b. NH4F 0.5 mol/l pH 8.2 c. NaOH 0.1 mol/l d. HCl 0.5 mol/l e. CDB f. NaOH |
不安定なリン(labile P) アルミニウム結合リン(Al-bound P 鉄結合リン(Fe-bound P) カルシウム結合リン(Ca-bound P) 還元剤で可溶なリン(reductant-soluble P) 安定なリン(refractory P) |
CaF2によるNH4F再吸収によるFe-Pの抽出 |
2.Williams et al.(1971) |
a. NaOH/NaCl 0.1/1.0 mol/l b. CDB 85℃ c. HCl 0.5 mol/l |
非吸蔵の鉄とアルミニウムリン(non-occluded Fe-, Al-P) 還元剤で可溶なリン(reductant-soluble P) 燐灰石リン(apatite P) |
石灰質堆積物中の炭酸塩による再吸収 CDBにより放出されたCa-P |
3.Williams et al.(1976) |
a. CDB 0.22/1.0 g/0.1 M b. NaOH 1 mol/l c. HCl 0.5 mol/l |
非燐灰石リン(non-apatite P) 燐灰石リン(apatite P) |
石灰質堆積物中の炭酸塩による再吸収 CDBにより放出されたCa-PとOrg-P |
4.Hieltjes & Lijklema(1980) |
a. NH4Cl 1 mol/l pH 7 b. NaOH 0.1 mol/l c. HCl 0.5 mol/l |
不安定なリン(labile P) 鉄とアルミニウム結合リン(Fe- and Al-bound P) カルシウム結合リン(Ca-bound P) |
NH4Clによる少量のFe-PとAl-Pの溶解 |
5.Psenner et al.(1985) |
a. H2O b. DB 0.11 mol/l 40℃ c. NaOH 1 mol/l d. HCl 0.5 mol/l e. NaOH 1 mol/l 85℃ |
水可溶リン(water-soluble P) 還元剤で可溶なリン(reductant-soluble P) 鉄とアルミニウム結合リン(Fe- and Al-bound P) カルシウム結合リン(Ca-bound P) 安定なリン(refractory P) |
石灰質堆積物中の炭酸塩による再吸収 |