Sharpley,A.N., Daniel,T., Sims,T., Lemunyon,J., Stevens,R. and Parry,R.(2003): Agricultural phosphorus and eutrophication Second Edition. USDA Agricultural Research Sercice, ARS-149, 38p.

『農業リンと富栄養化第2版』


Abstract

Sharpley, A.N., T. Daniel, T. Sims, J. Lemunyon, R. Stevens, and R. Parry. 2003. Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication, 2nd ed. U.S. epartment
of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, ARS.149, 44 pp.

Inputs of phosphorus (P) are essential for profitable crop and livestock agriculture. However, P export in watershed runoff can accelerate the eutrophication of receiving fresh waters. The rapid growth and intensification of crop and livestock farming in many areas has created regional imbalances in P inputs in feed and fertilizer and P output in farm produce. In many of these areas, soil P has built up to levels in excess of crop needs and now has the potential to enrich surface runoff with P.

The overall goal of our efforts to reduce P losses from agriculture to water should be to increase P use-efficiency, balance P inputs in feed and fertilizer into a watershed with P output in crop and animal produce, and manage the level of P in the soil. Reducing P loss in agricultural runoff may be brought about by source and transport control strategies. This includes refining feed rations, using feed additives to increase P absorption by animals, moving manure from surplus to deficit areas, finding alternative uses for manure, and targeting conservation practices, such as reduced tillage, buffer strips, and cover crops, to critical areas of P export from a watershed. In these critical areas, high P soils coincide with parts of the
landscape where surface runoff and erosion potential are high.

Keywords: eutrophication, fertilizer, phosphorus, P input, P output, runoff


Contents

Introduction ......................................................................................... 1
Eutrophication .................................................................................. 1
Agricultural Production .................................................................... 2
Soil Phosphorus ................................................................................... 5
The Loss of Phosphorus in Agricultural Runoff ............................... 10
Forms and Processes ....................................................................... 10
The Dependence of Agricultural Runoff P on Soil P ..................... 12
Remediation ....................................................................................... 14
Source Management ....................................................................... 15
Transport Management ................................................................... 21
Targeting Remediation ................................................................... 22
Making Management Decisions.......................................................28
Summary............................................................................................ 31
References ......................................................................................... 34


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