『Abstract
The Florida Everglades wetland ecosystem is subject to changes
in hydroperiod and nutrient loading, resulting in soil P enrichment
and changes in vegetation communities. The objectives of this
study were to: (i) quantify the forms of inorganic and organic
P in soils from four hydrologic units of the Everglades, and (ii)
develop empirical relationships among various soil P forms. Solid
samples from selected hydrologic units, including the Water Conservation
Areas (WCAs) and the Holey Land Wildlife Management Area (HWMA),
were obtained at various locations along transects perpendicular
to each nutrient input source, while selected field sites were
sampled in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Spatial distribution
of total P in the surface 0- to 10-cm soil depth showed distinct
gradients in the WCAs and HWMA soils, with high total P in soils
closer to sources (canals and inflow structures) than in interior,
unimpacted areas. Soil ash content and bulk density were also
altered as a result of soil subsidence (for EAA soils), hydrology,
and nutrient loading (for the WCAs and the HWMA soils). Influence
of P loading was primarily confined to the top 30-cm soil depth,
with about one-third of the P stored in the inorganic pool (primarily
as Ca- and Mg-bound P), and the remainder present as organic P.
Inorganic P content was higher in surface soils and decreased
with depth. Soil P enrichment indicated that for approximately
5 km from the inflow structures or canals, soils have been impacted
by nutrient loading. Empirical relationships developed in this
study should be useful for estimating soil P forms at the landscape
level, using total P data available for a large number of sites
throughout the Everglades region.』
Abbreviations
(Introduction)
Materials and methods
Site description
Sampling and analysis
Soil phosphorus fractionation
Potassium chloride extractable phosphorus
Sodium hydroxide extractable phosphorus
Hydrochloric acid extractable P
Residual phosphorus and total phosphorus
Bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus
Microbial biomass phosphorus
Total labile organic phosphorus
Hydrochloric acid extractable phosphorus and cations
Data analysis
Results
Soil phosphorus forms
Labile inorganic phosphorus
Sodium hydroxide extractable phosphorus (iron- and Aluminum-bound
phosphorus)
Hydrochloric acid-extractable inorganic phosphorus (calcium-
and magnesium-bound phosphorus)
Total inorganic phosphorus
Total labile organic phosphorus and microbial biomass phosphorus
Sodium hydroxide extractable organic phosphorus
Residual organic phosphorus
Total organic phosphorus
Phosphorus storage
Empirical relationships
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References