『Abstract
　Nitrogen from atmospheric deposition serves as the dominant source of new nitrogen to forested ecosystems in the northeastern U.S. By combining isotopic data obtained using the denitrifier method, with chemical and hydrologic measurements we determined the relative importance of sources and control mechanisms on nitrate (NO3^-) export from five forested watersheds in the Connecticut River watershed. Microbially produced NO3^- was the dominant source (82-100％) of NO3^- to the sampled streams as indicated by the δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O of NO3^-. Seasonal variations in the δ¹⁸O-NO3^- in streamwater are controlled by shifting hydrologic and temperature affects on biotic processing, resulting in a relative increase in unprocessed NO3^- export during winter months. Mass balance estimates find that the unprocessed atmospherically derived NO3^- stream flux represents less than 3％ of the atmospherically delivered wet NO3^- flux to the region. This suggests that despite chronically elevated nitrogen deposition these forests are not nitrogen saturated and are retaining, removing, and reprocessing the vast majority of NO3^- delivered to them throughout the year. These results confirm previous work within Northeastern U.S. forests and extend observations to watersheds not dominated by a snow-melt driven hydrology. In contrast to previous work, unprocessed atmospherically derived NO3^- export is associated with the period of high recharge and low biotic activity as opposed to spring snowmelt and other large runoff events.

Keywords: Atmospheric deposition; Nitrate processing; Nitrogen; Northeastern forests; Stable isotopes』

Abbreviations
Introduction
Methods
　Spatial analysis
　Nitrogen deposition fluxes
　Sample collection
　Sample analysis
　Daily flow estimation and hydrograph separation
　Statistical methods
Site description
Results
Discussion
　Seasonality of the isotopic composition of stream NO3^-
　Comparison of δ¹⁸O-NO3^- values across studies
　Retention of atmospheric NO3^-
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References