wAbstract
@Globally, hypoxic areas (63 mmol O2 m-3)
in coastal waters are increasing in number and spatial extent.
One of the largest coastal hypoxic regions has been observed during
the summer in the bottom-water of the Louisiana continental shelf.
The shelf receives the sediments, organic matter, and nutrient
exported from the Mississippi River watershed, and much of this
material is ultimately deposited to the sea floor. Hence, quantifying
the rates of sediment-water dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC),
oxygen (O2), and nutrient fluxes is important
for understanding how these processes relate to the development
and maintenance of hypoxia. In this study, the sediment-water
fluxes of DIC, O2, nutrients, and N2 (denitrification)
were measured on the Louisiana shelf during six cruises from 2005
to 2007. On each cruise, three to four sites were occupied in
or directly adjacent to the region of the shelf that experiences
hypoxia. DIC fluxes, a proxy for total sediment respiration, ranged
from 7.9 to 21.4 mmol m-2 day-1 but did
not vary significantly either spatially or as a function of bottom-water
O2 concentration. Overall, sediment respiration
and nutrient flux rates were small in comparison to water-column
respiration and phytoplankton nutrient demand. Nitrate fluxes
were correlated with bottom-water O2 concentrations
(r=0.69), and thee was evidence that decreasing O2
concentrations inhibited coupled nitrification-denitrification.
Denitrification rates averaged 1.4 mmol N m-2 day-1.
Scaled to the area of the shelf, the denitrification sink represented
approximately 39 of the N load from the Mississippi River watershed.
The sediment-water fluxes reported from this study add substantial
information on the spatial and temporal patterns in carbon, O2, and nutrient cycling available for the Louisiana
continental shelf and, thus, improve the understanding of this
system.
Keywords: Sediment-water DIC; O2 and nutrient
flux; Denitrification; Hypoxia; LOUISIANA shelfx
Introduction
Materials and methods
@Study site
@River discharge and hydrographic data
@Sediment-water fluxes
@Sediment bulk analyses
@Phytoplankton biomass and production rates
@Statistical analyses
Results
@Mississippi river discharge and shelf hydrographic conditions
@Sediment characteristics
@Sediment-water fluxes
@Relationships among sediment-water fluxes and other variables
@Water-column phytoplankton biomass and primary production
@Sediment-water fluxes in comparison to water-column primary production
Discussion
@Methodological considerations for sediment-water fluxes
@Characterization of sediment-water fluxes on the Louisiana shelf
@DIC and O2 fluxes
@N, P, and Si fluxes
@Denitrification
@Zones of similarity
@An updated conceptual model of the role of the sediments in system
metabolism on the Louisiana continental shelf
Acknowledgments
References