『Abstract
The magnitude of greenhouse gas (GHG) flux rates may be important
in wet and intermediate wet forest soils, but published estimates
are scarce. We studied the surface exchange of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)
from soil along toposequences in two temperate deciduous forest
catchments: Strodam(oには/が重なる) and Vestskoven.
The soil water regime ranged from fully saturated to aerated within
the catchments. At Strodam(oには/が重なる) the
largest mean flux rates of N2O (15μg N2O-N m-2 h-1) were measured
at volumetric soil water contents (SWC) between 40 and 60% and
associated with low soil pH compared to smaller mean flux rates
of 0-5μg N2O-N m-2 h-1
for drier (SWC<40%) and wet conditions (SWC>80%). At Vestskoven
the same response of N2O to soil water content
was observed. Average CH4 flux rates were
highly variable along the toposequences (-17 to 536μg CH4-C m-2 h-1) but emissions
were only observed above soil water content of 45%. Scaled flux
rates of both GHGs to catchment level resulted in emission of
322 and 211 kg CO2-equivalents ha-1
year-1 for Strodam(oには/が重なる) and
Vestskoven, respectively, with N2O contributing
the most at both sites. Although the wet and intermediate wet
forest soils occupied less than half the catchment area at both
sites, the global warming potential (GWP) derived from N2O and CH4 was more than
doubled when accounting for these wet areas in the catchments.
The results stress the importance of wet soils in assessments
of forest soil global warming potentials, as even small proportions
of wet soils contributes substantially to the emissions of N2O and CH4.
Keywords: Drainage; Forest soil; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Scaling;
Wet soils』
Introduction
Materials and methods
Study site
Field design
Soil conditions along the transects
Greenhouse gas exchange
Field measurements of gas exchange
Gas chromatography and calculation of gas flux rates
Scaling of greenhouse gas flux rates and drainage scenarios
Scaling of greenhouse gas flux rates
Drainage scenarios
Statistics and data analysis
Results
Soil characteristics along the toposequences
Hydrological changes along the toposequences
N2O flux rates
CH4 flux rates
Response functions for N2O and CH4
Scaling of hydrology and greenhouse gas flux rates to catchment
level
Drainage scenarios
Discussion
N2O flux rates
CH4 flux rates
Scaling of hydrology and greenhouse gas flux rate
Importance of wet forest soils for greenhouse gas emissions
Effect of altering groundwater table on global warming potential
of the forest soil
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References