Harris,S.H. and Smith,R.L.(2009): In situ measurements of microbially-catalyzed nitrification and nitrate reduction rates in an ephemeral drainage channel receiving water from coalbed natural gas discharge, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA. Chemical Geology, 267, 77-84.

『米国ワイオミング州パウダーリバー盆地の炭田ガス放出物由来の短命の水を集めた排水路における微生物触媒硝化と硝酸塩還元速度の現場測定』


Abstract
 Nitrification and nitrate reduction were examined in an ephemeral drainage channel receiving discharge from coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, CBNG co-produced water typically contains dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), primarily as ammonium. In this study, a substantial portion of discharged ammonium was oxidized within 50 m of downstream transport, but speciation was markedly influenced by diel fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (>300μM). After 300 m of transport, 60% of the initial DIN load had been removed. The effect of benthic nitrogen-cycling processes on stream water chemistry was assessed at 2 locations within the stream channel using acrylic chambers to conduct short-term (2-6 h), in-stream incubations. The highest ambient DIN removal rates (2103 μmol N m-2 h-1) were found at a location where ammonium concentrations >350μM. This occurred during light incubation when oxygen concentrations were highest. Nitrification was occurring at the site, however, net accumulation of nitrate and nitrite accounted for <12% of the ammonium consumed, indicating that other ammonium-consuming processes were also occurring. In dark incubations, nitrite and nitrate consumption were dominant processes, while ammonium was produced rather than consumed. At a downstream location nitrification was not a factor and changes in DIN removal rates were controlled by nitrate reduction, diel fluctuations in oxygen concentration, and availability of electron donor. This study indicates that short-term adaptation of stream channel processes can be effective for removing CBNG DIN loads given sufficient travel distances, but the long-term potential for nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen saturation remain to be determined.

Keywords: Coal bed natural gas; Powder River Basin; Nitrification; Nitrate reduction; Ammonium; In situ rate』

1. Introduction
2. Site description
3. Materials and methods
 3.1. Water sample collection
 3.2. In situ incubations
 3.3. Chemical analyses
4. Results and discussion
 4.1. Channel water chemistry
 4.2. In situ incubations at the nitrification site
 4.3. In situ incubations at the nitrate reduction site
5. Implications and conclusions
Acknowledgements
References


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