『Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that chlorine participates in
a complex biogeochemical cycle in soil, which suggests that the
transport of chloride through catchments may also be influenced.
The present study is based on field observations of organic carbon,
chloride (Clin), and chlorinated organic
carbon (Clorg) in precipitation, soil, and
runoff over a 2-year period from a small, forested catchment in
southeast Sweden. The study reveals that (1) the soil pool is
dominated by Clorg, (2) the input via wet
deposition and output of Clin via runoff
is 30 times smaller than the total storage of chlorine (Clin + Clorg) in soil, and
(3) the transport is dominated by Clin. The
organic matter that entered the outlet of the catchment was more
chlorinated in the autumn than during the rest of the year, and
rain events taking place in low-flow periods had a greater influence
on TOC, Clorg, and Clin
than did rain events taking place in high-flow periods. The seasonal
pattern in combination with the low-flow versus high-flow pattern
and previous findings of increasing chlorine-to-carbon ratios
with soil depth suggests that the chlorine-to-carbon ratio variation
in the leached organic matter is due that water preferentially
comes from deeper layers in low-flow conditions. This study provides
well-founded estimates of Clorg and Clin storage and fluxes for the studied catchment;
however, the processes underlying the observed seasonal Clorg variations and transportation processes need
further study.
Keywords: Catchment; Chloride; Chlorine; Organic chlorine; Soil;
water; Watershed』
Introduction
Materials and methods
Catchment description
Water discharge measurements
Sampling procedures
Soil samples
Precipitation sampling
Runoff sampling
Chemical analysis
Water content and loss-on-ignition in soil
Total nitrogen in soil
Clorg concentration in runoff and precipitation
Clorg and Clin concentrations
in soil
Clin and nitrate concentrations in runoff
and precipitation
Total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in runoff and precipitation
Estimation of input and output fluxes and storage
Statistics
Results
Hydrology
Soil chemistry
Precipitation chemistry
Runoff chemistry
Degree of organic matter chlorination
Observations during a rain event
Chlorine budget estimates
Discussion
A small flux in Clin and a large pool
of Clorg under near steady-state conditions
Estimating the dry deposition
High concentrations of Clorg and TOC during
dry period high flow
Increasing chlorine-to-carbon ratios in runoff water during high-flow
Seasonal changes in the chlorine-to-carbon ratio
Acknowledgements
References