Svensson,T., Sanden(eの頭に´),P., Bastviken,D. and Oberg(Oの頭に¨),G.(2007): Chlorine transport in a small catchment in southeast Sweden during two years. Biogeochemistry, 82, 181-199.

『スウェーデン南東部の小流域における2年間の塩素輸送』


Abstract
 Previous studies have revealed that chlorine participates in a complex biogeochemical cycle in soil, which suggests that the transport of chloride through catchments may also be influenced. The present study is based on field observations of organic carbon, chloride (Clin), and chlorinated organic carbon (Clorg) in precipitation, soil, and runoff over a 2-year period from a small, forested catchment in southeast Sweden. The study reveals that (1) the soil pool is dominated by Clorg, (2) the input via wet deposition and output of Clin via runoff is 30 times smaller than the total storage of chlorine (Clin + Clorg) in soil, and (3) the transport is dominated by Clin. The organic matter that entered the outlet of the catchment was more chlorinated in the autumn than during the rest of the year, and rain events taking place in low-flow periods had a greater influence on TOC, Clorg, and Clin than did rain events taking place in high-flow periods. The seasonal pattern in combination with the low-flow versus high-flow pattern and previous findings of increasing chlorine-to-carbon ratios with soil depth suggests that the chlorine-to-carbon ratio variation in the leached organic matter is due that water preferentially comes from deeper layers in low-flow conditions. This study provides well-founded estimates of Clorg and Clin storage and fluxes for the studied catchment; however, the processes underlying the observed seasonal Clorg variations and transportation processes need further study.

Keywords: Catchment; Chloride; Chlorine; Organic chlorine; Soil; water; Watershed』

Introduction
Materials and methods
 Catchment description
 Water discharge measurements
 Sampling procedures
  Soil samples
  Precipitation sampling
  Runoff sampling
 Chemical analysis
  Water content and loss-on-ignition in soil
  Total nitrogen in soil
  Clorg concentration in runoff and precipitation
  Clorg and Clin concentrations in soil
  Clin and nitrate concentrations in runoff and precipitation
  Total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in runoff and precipitation
 Estimation of input and output fluxes and storage
 Statistics
Results
 Hydrology
 Soil chemistry
 Precipitation chemistry
 Runoff chemistry
  Degree of organic matter chlorination
  Observations during a rain event
 Chlorine budget estimates
Discussion
 A small flux in Clin and a large pool of Clorg under near steady-state conditions
 Estimating the dry deposition
 High concentrations of Clorg and TOC during dry period high flow
 Increasing chlorine-to-carbon ratios in runoff water during high-flow
 Seasonal changes in the chlorine-to-carbon ratio
Acknowledgements
References


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