『Abstract
The Sr, S, O and C isotope database of marine carbonates contains
over 55,000 published isotope values of low-Mg calcite from diagenetically
little altered Phanerozoic fossil shells as well as samples of
whole rocks and calcite cements of Ordovician to Archean age.
Carbon and oxygen isotope data for the shell material are divided
into habitat subsets (high-, mid-, low-latitude and deep sea),
and whole rock data are separated by mineralogy into calcite/dolomite
subsets. Trend, correlation, wavelet, and spectral analyses on
Gaussian-filtered isotope records were applied to detect and quantify
similarities and patterns in temporal records with the following
results:
(1) Oxygen isotope trends from the “high-latitude” and “deep-sea”
habitats are almost indistinguishable through the last 111 Ma,
consistent with the existence of the “oceanic conveyor belt” throughout
this interval;
(2) All oxygen isotope habitat records show a strong, coherent
30-45 Ma (〜38 Ma) cyclicity throughout the Cretaceous and the
Cenozoic
(3)Up to 70% of the multi-million year variability in the δ18O
record of the last 115 Ma can be simulated by the following equation:
δ18O(‰) = 0.64sin(2πt/120 Ma + 0.9) + χsin(2πt/38.3
Ma + 1.1)
with χ ranging from 0.4-0.6‰ for the “low-”, “high-latitude” and
“deep-sea” habitats, to 0.8‰ for the “mid-latitude” realm.
(1) A 〜120±20 Ma cycle occurs in the Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic
δ18O record, consistent with paleoclimate variability
as interpreted from sedimentological and faunal records.
(2) The offset of δ13C values between “deep water”
and “high-latitude” vs. surficial habitats at lower latitudes
is consistent with the operation of a biological pump in the oceans
since at least the Cretaceous.
(3) Sr and S isotope records exhibit a 〜60-70 Ma cyclicity throughout
the Phanerozoic.
Keywords: isotopes; databases; oxygen; carbon; strontium; sulfur』
1. Introduction
2. Phanerozoic fossil data
2.1. Data selection
2.2. Oxygen and carbon isotope data
2.3. Strontium isotope data
2.4. Sulfur isotope data of marine sulfate
3. Precambrian whole rock data
4. Record assembly
4.1. Construction of the continuous record
4.2. Habitat correction
4.3. Rock type correction
5. Data analysis methods
6. Results
6.1. Oxygen and carbon isotope variability over the last
200 Ma
6.2. Variability in strontium, sulfur and “low-latitude” oxygen
and carbon isotope records during the last 542 Ma
6.3. Long-term trends and cycles in strontium, oxygen and carbon
isotope records through the last 3500 Ma
7. General remarks on the limits of the database
8. Discussion
Acknowledgements
Appendix A. Supplementary data
References