Pryor,S.C., Paulding,A.M. and Rauwolf,H.(2007): Evolution of the concentration of inorganic ions during the initial stages of precipitation events. Water Air Soil Pollut., 180, 3-10.

『降雨時の初期段階での無機イオンの濃度の変化』


Abstract
 Ion concentrations in relatively low-intensity precipitation were measured in southern Indiana, USA and are presented as a function of their temporal evolution during individual precipitation events with a specific focus on the first 30 min of those events. These data indicate that during individual rain events potassium concentrations in precipitation may decline by up to 70%-80% in the first 30 min of the event. The other ions exhibited less rapid concentration declines during this event which are in rank order (highest to lowest); sodium, chloride, magnesium, nitrate, calcium, sulfate and ammonium. There is some evidence that the initial declines for precipitation accumulations up to 2 mm in the concentration of chloride, calcium and sulfate in precipitation more closely approximate a power-law dependency on precipitation depth than the commonly applied exponential form which, if confirmed, may have implications for efforts to correct flux networks for under-sampling due to delay in sample collection. Scavenging coefficients (b) derived using an exponential relationship over entire events for sodium, chloride, nitrate, calcium, sulfate and ammonium indicate highest values for sodium and lowest for ammonium, but the uncertainty bounds on ion-specific values of b are sufficiently large that they are statistically indistinguishable.

Keywords: ion concentration; precipitation scavenging; scavenging efficiencies; sequential sampling; wet deposition』

1. Introduction
2. Methodology
 2.1. Sample collection
 2.2. Sample analysis
3. Results
4. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References


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