Mahlknecht et al.(2006)

Mahlknecht,J., Medina-Mejia（後のiの頭は´）,M.G., Garfias-Solis（最初のaの頭に´）,J. and Cano-Aguilera,I.(2006): Intrinsic aquifer vulnerability assessment: validation by environmental tracers in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico. Environ. Geol., 51, 477-491.

『本質的な帯水層脆弱性評価：メキシコのサン・ミゲール・デ・アジェンデにおける環境トレーサーによる妥当性確認』

『Abstract
　Vulnerability maps are important tools for water decision makers and land-use planners for protection of aquifers against contamination. The vulnerability map, according to the parametric method SINTACX for assessing intrinsic aquifer vulnerability, was validated in a case study with chlorofluorocarbon tracer technologies (CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113) of groundwater. The tested area was the 1,295 km² volcano-sedimentary area of San Miguel de Allende (SMA), Mexico. From the results of this area, it appears that the vulnerability map is in parts inconsistent with the underlying groundwater flow system. Thus, the vulnerability map was corrected with tracer information. The validated vulnerability map indicates that the degree of vulnerability varies from low to moderate-high. Low vulnerability values are found in the graben extending from north to south along the SMA fault system and high values in recharge areas southeast and northwest of the study area. The investigation is a demonstration that the scientific reliability of results of the parametric method can be improved by validation with tracer techniques representing the groundwater dynamics. The flexible structure of SINTACX allows revising and adjusting scores and weights of the parameter maps to rebuild a new vulnerability map consistent with the hydrological system.

Keywords: Aquifer vulnerability; SINTACX; Chlorofluorocarbons; Semi-arid regions; Guanajuato; Mexico』

Introduction
Study area
　General description and hydrology
　Geology and hydrogeology
Materials and methods
　Parameter estimation for parametric methods
　Field and laboratory techniques
　Interpretation of chlorofluorocarbons
Results and discussion
　Groundwater chemistry
　Degree of vulnerability
　Residence time and modern water percentage
　Validation of vulnerability map
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References

Parametric (or rating-and-overlay) methods
DRASTIC (Aller et al., 1985)
GOD (Foster, 1987)
AVI (Van Stempvoort et al., 1995)
SINTACX (also: SINTACS) (Civita, 1994)
Aller,L., Bennett,T., Lehr,L.H. and Petty,R.J.(1985): DRASTIC - a standardized system for evaluating ground water pollution potential using hydrogeologic settings. US EPA report, EPA/600/2-85/018.
Civita,M.(1994): Le carte della vulnerabilita（後のaの頭に｀） degli acquiferi all'inquinamento. Teoria and practica [Aquifer vulnerability maps to pollution. Theory and practice]. Pitagora, Bologna, Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Foster,S.S.D.(1987): Fundamental concepts in aquifer vulnerability, pollution risk and protection strategy. In: van Duijvanbooden,W. and van Waegeningh,H.G.(eds.), Vulnerability of soil and groundwater to pollution. Proceedings and Information No.38 of the International Conference held in the Netherlands, TNO committee on Hydrological Research, Delft, The Netherlands, 1987.
Van Stempvoort,D., Ewert,L. and Wassenaar,L.(1995): AVI: a method for groundwater protection mapping in the Praire Province of Canada. PPWB Report, No.114, National hydrogeology research institute, Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada.

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