Beck,A.J., Tsukamoto,Y., Tovar-Sanchez,A., Huerta-Diaz,M., Bokuniewicz,H.J. and Sanudo-Wilhelmy（nの頭に〜）,S.A.(2007): Importance of geochemical transformations in determining submarine groundwater discharge-derived trace metal and nutrient fluxes. Applied Geochemistry, 22, 477-490.

『海底地下水流出に由来する微量金属と栄養塩フラックスを決定するさいの地球化学的変化の重要性』

『Abstract
　Seasonal (Spring and Summer 2002) concentrations of dissolved (＜0.22μm) trace metals (Ag, Al, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb), inorganic nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), and DOC were determined in groundwater samples from 5 wells aligned along a 30 m shore-normal transect in west Neck Bay, Long Island, NY. Results show that significant, systematic changes in groundwater trace metal and nutrient composition occur along the flowpath from land to sea. While conservative mixing between Neck Bay water and the groundwaters explains the behavior of Si and DOC, non-conservative inputs for Co and Ni were observed (concentration increases of 10- and 2-fold, respectively) and removal of PO4 and NO3 (decreases to about half) along the transport pathway. groundwater-associated chemical fluxes from the aquifer to the embayment calculated for constituents not exhibiting conservative behavior can vary by orders of magnitude depending on sampling location and season (e.g. Co, 3.4×102−8.2×103μmol d-1. Using measured values from different wells as being representative of the true groundwater endmember chemical composition also results in calculation of very different fluxes (e.g., Cu, 6.3×103μmol d-1(inland, freshwater well) vs. 2.1×105μmol d-1(seaward well, S = 17 ppt)). This study suggests that seasonal variability and chemical changes occurring within he subterranean estuary must be taken into account when determining the groundwater flux of dissolved trace metals and nutrients to the coastal ocean.』

1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results and discussion
　3.1. Temporal and spatial variations in groundwater composition
　3.2. Geochemical behavior of dissolved constituents in the WNB subterranean estuary
　　3.2.1. Constituents with conservative mixing distribution
　　3.2.2. Constituents exhibiting non-conservative removal
　　3.2.3. Constituents exhibiting non-conservative input
　　3.2.4. Constituents with variable trends not clearly related to fresh-saline mixing
　3.3. Calculation of SGD-derived chemical fluxes
　　3.3.1. Total volume flux
　　3.3.2. Flux of conservative constituents
　　3.3.3. Flux of constituents exhibiting non-conservative input in the subterranean estuary
　　3.3.4. Flux of constituents exhibiting non-conservative removal in the subterranean estuary
　　3.3.5. Flux of constituents with variable trends
4. Summary
Acknowledgements
References

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