Pandey,V.K., Panda,S.N., Pandey,A. and Sudhakar,S.(2009): Evaluation of effective management plan for an agricultural watershed using AVSWAT model, remote sensing and GIS. Environ.Geol., 56, 993-1008.

『AVSWATモデルとリモートセンシングとGISを用いた農地流域の効果的管理計画の評価』


Abstract
 In the present investigation, an effort has been made to identify the critical sub-watersheds for the development of best management plan for a small watershed of Eastern India using a hydrological model, namely, AVSWAT 2000. A total of 180 combinations of various management treatments including crops (rice, maize ground nut and soybean), tillage (zero, conservation, field cultivator, mold board plough and conventional practices) and fertilizer levels (existing half of recommended and recommended) have been evaluated. The investigation reveled that rice cannot be replaced by other crops such as groundnut, maize, mungbean, sorghum and soybean since comparatively these crops resulted in higher sediment yield. The tillage practices with disk plough have been found to have more impact on sediment yield and nutrient losses than conventional tillage practices for the existing level of fertilizer. Sediment yield decreased in the case of zero tillage, conservation tillage, field cultivator, mold-board plough, and conservation tillage as compare to conventional tillage. Lowest NO3-N loss was observed in zero tillage in all the fertilizer treatments, whereas field cultivator, moldboard plough and disk plough resulted in increase of NO3-N loss. As compared to conventional tillage, the losses of soluble phosphorus were increased in moldboard plough. The losses of organic nitrogen were also increased as fertilizer does increased. After zero tillage the conservation tillage preformed better in all the fertilizer treatments as per loss of organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus is concerned. It can be concluded that the sediment yield was found to be the highest in the case of disk plough followed by moldboard plough, field cultivator, conventional tillage, field cultivator and least in zero tillage practices. The nutrient losses were found to be in different order with tillage practices, resulted highest in disk plough tillage practices. In view of sediment yield and nutrient losses, the conservation tillage practice was found to be the best as the sediment yield is less than the average soil loss whereas nutrient loss is within in permissible limit.

Keywords: AVSWAT; GIS; NPS pollution; Remote sensing; Watershed management』

Introduction
 Theoretical considerations of the AVSWAT 2000 model
Materials and methods
 Study area and data collection
 Data availability
 Spatial database generation
 Model input parameter
 Sensitivity analysis
 Goodness-of-fit criteria for evaluation of SWAT model
 Model calibration and validation
 Identification and prioritization of the critical sub-watersheds
 Evaluation of BMPs for prioritized sub-watersheds
 Tillage implements and crops considered for effective management
 Fertility status of the soils of the watershed
Results and discussion
 Identification and prioritization of critical sub-watersheds
 Simulation of nutrient losses
 Effective management
 Fertilizer and tillage effect on crop yield, runoff, sediment yield and nutrient losses
 Effect of tillage on nutrient losses
  Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) in runoff
  Soluble phosphorus in runoff
  Organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus in sediment
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References


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