Dahl,M., Nilsson,B., Langhoff,J.H. and Refsgaard,J.C.(2007): Review of classification systems and new multi-scale typology of groundwater-surface water interaction. Journal of Hydrology, 344, 1-16.

『地下水−地表水相互作用の分類系および新しいマルチスケールの類型学のレビュー』

『Summary
　The EU Water Framework Directive outlines a new approach to water administration in which interactions between groundwater bodies, groundwater dependent terrestrial ecosystems and surface water bodies take on a central role. In this context, a review and an evaluation of earlier classification systems for groundwater, riparian areas and wetlands as well as for streams and rivers are given. A new multi-scale and process oriented typology integrating interactions between the three components of the hydrological continuum is proposed. The typology is based on geomorphologic, geological and hydrological concepts reflecting functional linkages and controlling flow processes on gradually smaller spatial scales. On a catchment scale of more than 5 km, the Landscape Type classifies the groundwater flow systems and the groundwater system based on regional geomorphology and regional hydrogeological setting, respectively. This scale characterizes the complexity of regional flow processes that control discharge patterns. On an intermediate or reach scale of 1-5 km, the Riparian Hydrogeological Type classifies the hydrogeological setting adjacent to a riparian area aquifer in greater detail. This scale characterizes physical contact between a groundwater body and a riparian area aquifer as well as stability and flux of groundwater to the riparian area aquifer. These factors are critical for maintaining diverse riparian ecosystems. Within a local scale of 10-1999 m, the Riparian Flow Path Type classifies the dominant flow path through the riparian area to the stream, based on flow path distribution through the riparian area. This scale characterizes the riparian area's capability of maintaining high water quality of adjacent stream. The GSI typology has been developed for the most important landscapes of Denmark and is exemplified by a moraine landscape. Finally, application possibilities are discussed.

Keywords: Typology; Groundwater; Riparian area; Stream; Interaction; Multi-scale; Water framework directive』

Introduction
Review of classification systems
　Groundwater classifications
　Riparian area and wetland classifications
　Stream and river classifications
　Integrated hierarchical classifications
A new process oriented multi-scale typology of groundwater-surface water interaction
　Landscape Type
　Riparian Hydrogeological Type
　Riparian Flow Path Type
GSI typology of Denmark and example of application
　Landscape Type
　Riparian Hydrogeological Types
　Riparian Flow Path Types
Discussion and conclusions
　Landscape Type
　Riparian Hydrogeological Type
　Riparian Flow Path Types
　Potential applicability of the GSI typology
Acknowledgements
References

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