『Abstract
　Global plate motion models provide a spatial and temporal framework for geological data and have been effective tools for exploring processes occurring at the earth's surface. However, published models either have insufficient temporal coverage or fail to treat tectonic plates in s self-consistent manner. They usually consider the motions of selected features to tectonic plates, such as continents, but generally do not explicitly account for the continuous evolution of plate boundaries through time. In order to explore the coupling between the surface and mantle, plate models are required that extend over at least a few hundred million years and treat plates as dynamic features with dynamically evolving plate boundaries. We have constructed a new type of global plate motion model consisting of a set of continuously-closing topological plate polygons with associated plate boundaries and plate velocities since the break-up of the supercontinent Pangea. Our model is underpinned by plate motions derived from reconstructing the seafloor-spreading history of the ocean basins and motions of the continents and utilizes a hybrid absolute reference frame, based on a moving hotspot model for the last 100 Ma, and a true-polar wander corrected paleomagnetic model for 200 to 100 Ma. Detailed regional geological and geophysical observations constrain plate boundary inception or cessation, and time-dependent geometry. Although our plate model is primarily designed as a reference model for a new generation of geodynamic studies by providing the surface boundary conditions for the deep earth, it is also useful for studies in disparate fields when a framework is needed for analyzing and interpreting spatio-temporal data.

Keywords: Plate reconstructions; Plate motion model; Panthalassa; Laurasia; Tethys; Gondwana』

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
　2.1.　Absolute reference frames
　2.2. Relative plate motions
　2.3. Geomagnetic polarity timescales
　2.4. Continuously closed plate polydons
3. Regional continental and ocean floor reconstructions
　3.1. Atlantic and Arctic
　　3.1.1. South Atlantic
　　3.1.2. Central Atlantic
　　3.1.3. Northern Atlantic
　　　3.1.3.1. Iberia-Newfoundland
　　　3.1.3.2. Porcupine-North America
　　　3.1.3.3. Rockall-North America/Greenland
　　　3.1.3.4. Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay
　　　3.1.3.5. Greenland-Eurasia and Jan Mayen microcontinent
　　　3.1.3.6. Lomonosov Ridge-Eurasia (Eurasian Basin)
　　3.1.4. Arctic Basins
　3.2. Pacific Ocean and Panthalassa
　　3.2.1. Izanagi plate
　　3.2.2. Farallon plate
　　　3.2.2.1. Kula plate
　　　3.2.2.2. Vancouver/Juan De Fuca plate
　　　3.2.2.3. Nazca and Cocos plates
　　3.2.3. Phoenix plate
　　　3.2.3.1. Pacific-Antarctic spreading
　3.3. Tethys/Indian Ocean
　　3.3.1. East African margins
　　3.3.2. Antarctic margin
　　3.3.3. West Australian margins
　　3.3.4. Tethys Ocean
　3.4. Marginal and back-arc basins
　　3.4.1. Caribbean
　　3.4.2. Mongol-Okhotsk Basin
　　3.4.3. North American margins
　　3.4.4. Proto-South China Sea
　　3.4.5. Western Pacific and SE Asian back-arc basins
　　3.4.6. SW Pacific Back-arc basins and marginal seas
4. Global plate reconstructions
　4.1. 200-180 Ma (Figs. 18 and 19)
　4.2. 180-160 Ma (Figs. 20 and 21)
　4.4. 140-120 Ma (Figs. 21 and 22)
　4.5. 120-100 Ma (Figs. 22 and 23)
　4.6. 100-80 Ma (Figs. 23 and 24)
　4.7. 80-60 Ma (Figs. 24 and 25)
　4.8. 60-40 Ma (Figs. 25 and 26)
　4.9. 40-20 Ma (Figs. 26 and 27)
　4.10. 20-0 Ma (Figs. 27 and 28)
5. Discussion
　5.1. comparison with other models
　5.2. Future directions
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References

Fig. 1. Global gravity anomalies from satellite altimetry (Sandwell and Smith 2009). Red lines denote present day plate boundaries from the plate boundary set presented in this study. AFR=Africa, ANT=Antarctica, ARA=Arabia, AUS=Australia, C=Cocos, CAP=Capricorn, CAR=Caribbean, EUR=Eurasia, IND=India, NAM=North America, NAZ= Nazca, PAC= Pacific, PH= Philippine, SAM= South America, SOM= Somalia.	Fig. 18. Global plate reconstructions from 200 Ma to the present day in 20 million year time intervals. Basemap shows the age-area distribution of oceanic lithosphere at the time of formation. Red lines denote subduction zones, black lines denote mid-ocean ridges and transform faults. Brown polygons indicate products of plume-related excessive volcanism. Yellow stars are present day hotspot locations. Absolute plate velocity vectors are denoted as black arrows. Abbreviations for the plates are the same as in previous figures. Additional abbreviations include: ALA = Alaska, CA = Central Atlantic, CAP = Capricorn, CAR = Caribbean, CAT = Catequil, CCO = Cache Creek Ocean, COL = Colorado, CS = Caroline Sea, JUN = Junction, MOO = Mongol.Okhotsk Ocean, NL = North Loyalty Basin, NMT = North Meso-Tethys, NNT = North Neo-Tethys, PAR = Parana, PAT = Patagonia, PS = Philippine Sea, PSC = Proto-South China Sea, SCO = Scotia Sea, SLB = South Loyalty Basin, SMT = South Meso-Tethys, TS = Tasman Sea.
Fig. 19. Description same as Fig. 18.	Fig. 20. Description same as Fig. 18.
Fig. 21. Description same as Fig. 18.	Fig. 22. Description same as Fig. 18.
Fig. 23. Description same as Fig. 18.	Fig. 24. Description same as Fig. 18.
Fig. 25. Description same as Fig. 18.	Fig. 26. Description same as Fig. 18.
Fig. 27. Description same as Fig. 18.	Fig. 28. Description same as Fig. 18.
Senton,M. et al.（2012）による『Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions since 200 Ma』から