Stein,R.(2000):

Int.J.Earth Sciences, 89, 447-449.

『Introduction
The Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas are key areas for understanding the global climate system and its change through time. The present state of the Arctic Ocean itself and its influence on he glbal climate system strongly depend on the large river discharge. Presently, the annual freshwater inflow by major rivers reaches a total of 3300 km³ which is equivalent to 10％ of the global runoff. Major contributors are the Yenisei (620 km³/year), the Ob (429 km³/year), the Lena (525 km³/year), and the MacKenzie (249 km³/year; Fig.1（略）; Aagaard and Carmack 1989; Gordeev et al. 1996). The importance of Arctic river discharge in the Arctic and global ocean systems is summarized as follows:
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Table 1　Modern annual circum-Arctic river discharge, according to Aagaard and Carmack (1989), Gordeev et al. (1996), Macdonald et al. (1998), and Rachold and Hubberten (1999).
TSM total suspended matter; TOC total organic carbon; POC particulate organic carbon; DOC dissolved organic carbon

River	Discharging to	Discharge (km3/year)	TSM (106t/year)	TOC (106t/year)	POC (106t/year)	DOC (106t/year)
Pechora	Barents Sea	131	13.5	1.7
Ob	Kara Sea	429	16.5	3.1	0.3	2.8
Yenisey	Kara Sea	620	5.9	4.6
Khatanga	Laptev Sea	85	1.7	0.5
Lena	Laptev Sea	525	17.6	5.3	0.8	4.5
Indigirka	East Siberian Sea	61	12.9	0.5
Kolyma	East Siberian Sea	132	16.1	1.1
Mackenzie	Beaufort Sea	249	142	3.4	2.1	1.3
Yukon	Bering Sea	210	88	1.3	1.1	0.2

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