Reimann,C., Arnoldussen,A., Englmaier,P., Filzmoser,P., Finne,T.E., Garrett,R.G., Koller,F. and Nordgulen,Φ.(2007): Element concentrations and variations along a 120-km transect in southern Norway－Anthropogenic vs. geogenic vs. biogenic element sources and cycles. Applied Geochemistry, 22, 851-871.

『ノルウェー南部での120kmの横断線に沿った元素の濃度と変動－人為源・地質源・生物源の元素の由来と循環』

『Abstract
　Rock samples and the C-, B- and O-horizons of soils developed on these rocks were collected in forested areas along a 120-km south-north transect in southern Norway, passing through the city of Oslo. Forty samples (1 site/3 km) were analysed for 37 chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W and Zn) following an aqua regia digestion; pH (water extract) and loss on ignition were also determined. The O-horizon soils were additionally analysed for Pt. Gold is the only element that shows a clear anthropogenic peak in the O-horizon soils collected from the city of Oslo. silver, Au, Bi, Cd, Hg, Pb, S, Sb, Se and Sr all show a strong enrichment in the O-horizon when compared to the underlying C-horizon or the bedrock along the full length of the transect. Neither geology nor anthropogenic input of elements dominate the observed patterns. The most important factors for the observed element concentrations in the O-horizon are weathering, uptake (or rejection) of elements by plants and the kinetics of decay of the organic material in the O-horizon. Climate, especially temperature and precipitation, has an important influence on the formation and decay rates of the organic soil layer. Acid precipitation will delay the decomposition of the organic layer and lead to a natural enrichment of several metals in the O-horizon. Land use change, deforestation and liming can all increase the decay kinetics of organic matter and thus result in a release of the stored element pool.』

1. Introduction
　1.1. Location and land use
　1.2. Geology
2. Sampling and analytical methods
　2.1. Quality control
3. Results
　3.1. Gold and platinum in the O-horizon samples
　3.2. Loss on ignition and pH in the O-horizon-samples
　3.3. Elements generally enriched in the O-horizon
　3.4. Elements showing different patterns along transect
　3.5. Relation of the elements with pH and LOI in the O-horizon samples, principal component analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

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