Huang,F., Wang,X., Lou,L., Zhou,Z. and Wu,J.(2010): Spatial variation and source apportionment of water pollution in Qiantang River (China) using statistical techniques. Water Research, 44, 1562-1572.

『統計手法を用いた銭塘江（中国）における水汚染の空間変動と原因の割当』

『Abstract
　Understanding the spatial distribution and apportioning the sources of water pollution are important in the study and efficient management of water resources. In this work, we considered data for 13 water quality variables collected during the year 2004 at 46 monitoring sites along the Qiantang River (China). Fuzzy comprehensive analysis categorized the data into three major pollution zones (low, moderate, and high) based on national quality standards for surface waters, China. Most sites classified as “low pollution zones” (LP) occurred in the main river channel, whereas those classified as “moderate and high pollution zones” (MP and HP, respectively) occurred in the tributaries. Factor analysis identified two potential pollution sources that explained 67% of the total variance in LP, two potential pollution sources that explained 73% of the total variance in MP, and three potential pollution sources that explained 80% of the total variance in HP. UNMIX was used to estimate contributions from identified pollution sources to each water quality variable and each monitoring site. Most water quality variables were influenced primarily by pollution due to industrial wastewater, agricultural activities and urban runoff. In LP, nonpoint source pollution such as agricultural runoff and urban runoff dominated; in MP and HP, mixed source pollution dominated. The pollution in the small tributaries was more serious than that in the main channel. These results provide information for developing better pollution control strategies for the Qiantang River.

Keywords: Qiantang River; Water pollution; Fuzzy comprehensive assessment; Factor analysis; UNMIX』

1. Introduction
2. Material and methods
　2.1. Study area and data set
　2.2. Chemical analysis methods
　2.3. Statistical analysis
3. Results
　3.1. Fuzzy comprehensive assessment
　3.2. Factor analysis
　3.3. Source apportionment
4. Discussion
　4.1. Spatial variation of water quality
　4.2. Source identification
　4.3. Source contributions
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Appendix A
References

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