wAbstract
@Air, rain, pond water, bank soil, pond sediment, fish feed, and
fish were sampled from four freshwater cultured fish ponds (FWXFPs)
in rural areas within the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of South China.
Compositional analyses indicated that historical residues were
the main sources of DDXs (defined as the sum of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
(DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
(DDE) and 1-chloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p'-DDMU)),
and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in the FWCFPs. The input fluxes
to the FWCFPs were estimated at 4.0, 1.6, 15, and -0.92Κg/m2Eyear
for DDXs and 3.8, 0.92, 2.9, and -1.4Κg/m2Eyear for
HCHs for dry deposition, wet deposition, feeding, and net air-water
exchange in Dongguan, and 3.8, 1.2, 137, and -1.2Κg/m2Eyear
for DDXs and 3.6, 0.66, 5.0, and -1.0Κg/m2Eyear for
HCHs in Shunde, respectively. These results indicated that fish
feed was the dominant input source of DDXs to the FWCFPs. As for
HCHs, fluxes via dry deposition and feeding were similar and slightly
higher than those via wet deposition. Biological effects due to
the occurrence of DDXs in the FWCFPs were minimal, and consumption
of freshwater fish from the PRD appeared to pose insignificant
risk to human health based on some existing regulations and guidelines.
Keywords: Organochlorine pesticides; Freshwater cultured fish
pond; Input fluxes; Potential biological effect; South Chinax
Introduction
Materials and methods
@Sample collection
@Sample preparation and extraction
@Instrumental analysis
@Quality assurance/control
Results and discussion
@Levels of OCPs in the FWCFP ecosystem}
@Source assessment of DDX and JCH congeners
@Estimated fluxes of DDXs and HCHs to FWCFPs
@Potential biological effects of DDTs in FWCFPs
Conclusions
Supplemental data
References