1445,W. and Chandler,W.(2010): The Chinese nonferrous metals industry - energy use and CO2 emissions. Energy Policy, 38, 6475-6484.

『中国の非鉄金属産業−エネルギー消費と二酸化炭素排出』


Abstract
 China is the largest nonferrous metals producer in the world and largest consumer for six kinds of common nonferrous metals including copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, nickel and tin. This paper provides an overview of the nonferrous metals industry in China, from a CO2 emissions reduction perspective. It addresses energy use disaggregated by energy carrier and by province. It focuses on an analysis of energy efficiency in the production of aluminum, copper and nickel. A few large-scale enterprises produce most of the aluminum , copper and nickel in China, and use manufacturing facilities that were built within the last 20 years or have recently upgraded their main production equipment and processes. The energy efficiency of these operations is not particularly low compared to international practice. A large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) operate nonferrous metals production facilities which rank low in energy efficiency and therefore are highly energy intensive per unit of physical output. Backward production capacity would be phased out continuously by enforcing the energy intensity norms.

Keywords: China; Nonferrous metals; Energy efficiency』

1. Introduction
 1.1. Growing production and energy demand
2. Nonferrous metals industry trends in China
 2.1. Rapid expansion of production output
 2.2. Broad and uneven distribution of production
 2.3. Large enterprises dominate productions
  2.3.1. Two-third of value-added of the industry comes from large-scale enterprises
 2.4. Large enterprises retrofitted their facilities in the past two decades
 2.5. Rapid growth in electricity and coal consumption
 2.6. High rates of coal use lead to high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
3. Processing and energy intensity
 3.1. Copper production
 3.2. Aluminum production
 3.3. Nickel production
4. Recycling system
 4.1. Copper recycling
 4.2. Aluminum recycling
5. Prospects for energy-efficiency improvement
 5.1. Projections of production
 5.2. Equipment upgrade for efficiency improvement
 5.3. Barriers to energy-efficiency improvement and increased recycling
  5.3.1. ‘Loans control’ policy
  5.3.2. “Too intensive sectors” policy
  5.3.3. ‘Energy-intensive product export’ policy
6. Summary and conclusions
References


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