『Abstract
Most existing energy efficiency indices are computed without
taking into account undesirable outputs such as CO2
and SO2 emissions. This paper computes the
ecological total-factor energy efficiency (ETFEE) of 30 regions
in China for the period 2005-2009 through the slack-based model
(SBM) with undesirable outputs. We calculate the ETFEE index by
comparing the target energy input obtained from SBM with undesirable
outputs to the actual energy input. Findings show that China's
regional ETFEE still remains a low level of around 0.600 and regional
energy efficiency is overestimated by more than 0.100 when not
looking at environmental impacts. China's regional energy efficiency
is extremely unbalanced: the east area ranks first with the highest
ETFEE of above 0.700, the northeast and central areas follow,
and the west area has the lowest ETFEE of less than 0.500. A monotone
increasing relation exists between the area's ETFEE and China's
per capita GDP. The truncated regression model shows that the
ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP and the degree of foreign
dependence have positive impacts, whereas the ratio of the secondary
industry to GDP and the ratio of government subsidies for industrial
pollution treatment to GDP have negative effects, on the ETFEE.
Keywords: Slack-based measure (SBM); Ecological total-factor energy;
Undesirable outputs』
1. Introduction
2. Methodology: Ecological total-factor energy efficiency (ETFEE)
2.1. Slacks-based measure of efficiency (SBM)
2.2. Undesirable output model: Based on SBM
2.3. Regional ETFEE with undesirable outputs considered
2.4. ETFEE for an area
3. Data source, variable definitions, and descriptive statistics
4. Empirical analysis
4.1. Comparison of ETFEE and TFEE
4.2. ETFEE discrepancy of different areas
4.3. Factors of regional ETFEE
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References