『Abstract
The majority of the total carbon emissions in China are energy
induced. A clear understanding of energy-induced carbon emissions
is therefore necessary for local communities to develop a better
carbon emissions management system. We develop an integrated inventory
method for energy-induced carbon emissions accounting in local
Chinese communities. The method combines scope and sectoral analyses
on the basis of local statistical features. As an outcome four
core findings are presented: (1) From 2000 to 2009, the energy-induced
carbon emissions of Chongming rapidly increased from 1.75 to 4.90
million tons, with the annual growth rate of 12.12%. (2) Emissions
from manufacturing, construction, and household sectors accounted
for 84.44%; manufacturing is the biggest emitting sector. (3)
Carbon emissions from imported electricity reached a historic
high of 22.51& in 2009, indicating the necessity of taking
the imported carbon emissions into consideration. (4) In 2008,
the per capita carbon emissions of Chongming were lower than that
of the United States and Shanghai, but higher than that of the
global average. Three strategic approaches are proposed: to optimize
industrial structure and improve efficiency, reinforce carbon
management for the household sector, and enhance carbon statistics.
Keywords: Energy-induced carbon emissions; Climate change; Inventory-based
carbon accounting』
1. Introduction
2. Research object
3. Methodology
3.1. Flowchart of integrated inventory method
3.2. Emissions classification
3.3. Sectoral estimation methods
3.3.1. Fossil fuel consumed within Chongming County's boundary
for generating electricity
3.3.2. Estimation methods by sectors
3.3.2.1. When self-sufficient (electricity generation≧electricity
consumption)
3.3.2.2. When non self-sufficient (electricity generation＜electricity
consumption)
3.4. Determination of emission factors
3.4.1. Emission factors of fossil fuels
3.4.1.1. Primary industry
3.4.1.2. Manufacturing
3.4.1.3. Construction and tertiary industries
3.4.1.4. Household sector
3.4.2. Emission factors of electricity
3.4.2.1. When self-sufficient (electricity generation≧electricity
consumption)
3.4.2.2. When non self-sufficient (electricity generation＜electricity
consumption)
4. Data sources and adjustment
5. Results and discussion
6. Policy implications
6.1. Optimise industrial structure and improve energy efficiency
6.2. Reinforce carbon management for the household sector
6.3. Enhance the carbon statistics of local communities in China
Acknowledgements
Appendix A
References