Zhang,B., Chen,G.Q., Xia,X.H., Li,S.C., Chen,Z.M. and Ji,X.(2012): Environmental emissions by Chinese industry: Exergy-based unifying assessment. Energy Policy, 45, 490-501.

『中国産業による環境放出:エクセルギー・ベースの統合影響評価』


Abstract
 Based on chemical exergy as an objective measure for the chemical deviation between the emission and the environment, a unifying assessment is carried out for major environmental emissions covering COD, ammonia nitrogen, SO2, soot, dust, NOx and solid waste by Chinese industry over 1997-2006, with emphasis on the sectoral and regional levels in 2006. Of the total emission in exergy up to 274.1 PJ in 2006, 67.7% is estimated from waste gases, 29.9% from waste water and 2.4% from solid waste. Five of 40 sectors and 12 of 30 regions are responsible for 72.7% and 65.5% of the total emission, respectively. SO2 is the leading emission type in 9 sectors and 25 regions, and COD in another 28 sectors and 5 regions. Some pollution-intensive sectors such as Production and Distribution of Electric Power and Heat Power and Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products, and western and inland regions such as Guangxi and Ningxia with high emission intensities are identified. By clustering and disjoint principal component analysis with intensities of emissions and fuel coal use as variables, three principal components are extracted, and four statistically significant clusters are pinpointed in the sectoral and regional analysis. Corresponding policy-making implications are addressed.

Keywords: Industrial emissions; Exergy; Clustering analysis』

1. Introduction
2. Methodology and data sources
 2.1. Exergy of emission
 2.2. Clustering and disjoint principal component analysis (CDPCA) method
 2.3. Data availability and sources
3. Results
 3.1. Overall emissions over 1997-2006
 3.2. Sectoral analysis for 2006
  3.2.1. Emission by sector
  3.2.2. Emission intensity by sector
  3.2.3. Sectoral CDPCA analysis for emission and energy intensities
 3.3. Regional analysis for 2006
  3.3.1. Emission by region
  3.3.2. Emission intensity by region
  3.3.3. Regional CDPCA analysis for emission and energy intensities
4. Discussion and policy implications
 4.1. The whole industry
 4.2. Sectoral level
 4.3. Regional level
 4.4. The limitation in data availability
5. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
Appendix
References


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