『Abstract
Based on chemical exergy as an objective measure for the chemical
deviation between the emission and the environment, a unifying
assessment is carried out for major environmental emissions covering
COD, ammonia nitrogen, SO2, soot, dust, NOx and solid waste by Chinese industry over 1997-2006,
with emphasis on the sectoral and regional levels in 2006. Of
the total emission in exergy up to 274.1 PJ in 2006, 67.7% is
estimated from waste gases, 29.9% from waste water and 2.4% from
solid waste. Five of 40 sectors and 12 of 30 regions are responsible
for 72.7% and 65.5% of the total emission, respectively. SO2 is the leading emission type in 9 sectors and
25 regions, and COD in another 28 sectors and 5 regions. Some
pollution-intensive sectors such as Production and Distribution
of Electric Power and Heat Power and Manufacture of Paper and
Paper Products, and western and inland regions such as Guangxi
and Ningxia with high emission intensities are identified. By
clustering and disjoint principal component analysis with intensities
of emissions and fuel coal use as variables, three principal components
are extracted, and four statistically significant clusters are
pinpointed in the sectoral and regional analysis. Corresponding
policy-making implications are addressed.
Keywords: Industrial emissions; Exergy; Clustering analysis』
1. Introduction
2. Methodology and data sources
2.1. Exergy of emission
2.2. Clustering and disjoint principal component analysis (CDPCA)
method
2.3. Data availability and sources
3. Results
3.1. Overall emissions over 1997-2006
3.2. Sectoral analysis for 2006
3.2.1. Emission by sector
3.2.2. Emission intensity by sector
3.2.3. Sectoral CDPCA analysis for emission and energy intensities
3.3. Regional analysis for 2006
3.3.1. Emission by region
3.3.2. Emission intensity by region
3.3.3. Regional CDPCA analysis for emission and energy intensities
4. Discussion and policy implications
4.1. The whole industry
4.2. Sectoral level
4.3. Regional level
4.4. The limitation in data availability
5. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
Appendix
References