『Abstract
In this study, based on the consideration of achieving a low-carbon
city, a distributed energy system is promoted by integrating combined
heat and power (CHP) plant, biomass energy and photovoltaic technology,
for the urban areas in China. An analytical model has been developed
for estimating an economically efficient installation and operation
pattern for the distributed energy system. As an illustrative
example, a numerical study is conducted of feasible distributed
energy system for a model area in Shanghai, while considering
five scenarios with different technology combinations. According
to the simulation results, although enjoying reasonable environmental
merits, it is hard to diffuse the distributed generation technologies,
especially some renewable ones, in the model area from the economic
point of view. Currently, the most feasible technology is the
natural gas CHP system, which has a cost reduction ratio of only
0.7%. In addition, the sensitivity analyses illustrate that the
introduction of electricity buy-back and the reduction of biogas
price can promote the adoption of some renewable technologies
to some extent.
Keywords: Feasibility assessment; Distributed energy resources;
Analytical model; urban area; China』
1. Introduction
2. Current status of DER adoption in China
2.1. Combined heat and power technologies
2.2. Renewable energy technologies
3. Methodology
3.1. Modeling of urban distributed energy system
3.2. Description of the analytical model
3.3. Objective function and main constraints
4. Illustrative example
4.1. Energy demands
4.2. Local energy reserves
4.3. Market information
4.4. Technical information
4.5. Scenario setting
5. Results and discussions
5.1. Optimal adoption results
5.2. Optimal supply characteristics
5.3. Electricity load composition and fossil fuel consumption
5.4. Cost-effectiveness of CO2 emissions
reduction
5.5. Sensitivity analysis
5.5.1. Sensitivity of electricity buy-back price
5.5.2. Sensitivity of biogas price
5.5.3. Sensitivity of local energy demands
6. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgements
Appendix
References