Fan,J., Liang,Y.t., Tao,A.-j., Sheng,K.-r., Ma,H.-L., Xu,Y., Wang,C.-S. and Sun,W.(2011): Energy policies for sustainable livelihoods and sustainable development of poor areas in China. Energy Policy, 39, 1200-1212.

『中国の貧困地域の持続可能な生活と持続可能な発展に対するエネルギー政策』


Abstract
 Focusing on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households and regional sustainable development, this research takes Tan'an at the upper reaches of Yellow River and Zhaotong at mid-upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the study areas, extracts the central affecting factors of energy consumption and characteristic indexes of energy zoning based on 1560 rural household questionnaires of 85 villages in 4 counties (districts) and database analysis of socio-economic development, conducts energy zoning for the poor areas in China, and puts forward specific supporting policies for each type of zone. The research finds that (1) the study areas are found to have the following energy consumption characteristics: low per capita energy consumption (merely 1/4 of the national average), with energy consumption for non-production purposes taking up the main part (more than 70%), high proportion of non-commercial energy, i.e. firewood, straw, etc. (more than 45%), low utilization rate of such new energy resources as biogas, solar energy, etc. (lower than 2% in high mountain regions), remarkable differentiation of vertical and horizontal zonality, etc. (2) Physical conditions like temperature and topography, socio-economic factors, i.e. income of rural households, energy endowment, transportation conditions, and institutional factors like policy support are the major affecting factors of energy consumption and characteristic indexes of energy policy zoning. (3) According to the characteristic index evaluation and matrix classification of both the suitability for energy development and types of regional energy endowment, the poor areas in China can be divided into three energy policy-oriented zones, i.e. network-based centralized energy supply zone, diversified energy utilization zone, and new energy utilization zone.

Keywords: China; Poor area; Energy policy』

1. Introduction
2. Research methods and data sources
 2.1. Research methods
 2.2. Data sources
3. Basic energy consumption characteristics of study areas and comparison with national average
 3.1. Low per capita energy consumption and high portion of energy consumption for non-production purposes
 3.2. Great proportion of non-commercial energy like firewood and straw
 3.3. Low utilization rate of new energy like biogas and solar energy
 3.4. Remarkable differentiation of vertical and horizontal zonality
4. Cause analysis of energy consumption characteristics in study areas and extraction of affecting factors of energy zoning
 4.1. Temperature and topography as natural driving forces
 4.2. Rural households' income level as micro-driving force
 4.3. Energy endowment and transportation condition as important factors
 4.4. Policy support as major institutional factor
5. Energy zoning
 5.1. Energy development suitability evaluation
  5.1.1. macro-physical conditions (C)
   5.1.1.1. Restriction of topography
   5.1.1.2. Restriction of water resources
   5.1.1.3. Restriction of heat
  5.1.2. Economic development level (E)
  5.1.3. Support degree of transportation (T)
  5.1.4. Integrated index of energy development suitability (A)
 5.2. Types of regional energy endowments
  5.2.1. Energy endowment level evaluation
  5.2.2. Classification of regional energy endowments
 5.3. Energy policy-oriented zoning scheme
6. Energy policy orientations for different type zones
 6.1. network-based centralized energy supply zone (Type zone A)
 6.2. Diversified energy utilization zone (Type zone B)
 6.3. new energy utilization zone (Type zone C)
References



Fig. 6. Energy policy-orientedzoningschemeforpoorareasofChina.

Fan et al.(2011)による『Energy policies for sustainable livelihoods and sustainable development of poor areas in China』から

Type zone A (network-based centralized energy supply zone)
Type zone B (diversified energy utilization zone)
Type zone C (new energy utilization zone)


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