『Abstract
Focusing on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households and
regional sustainable development, this research takes Tan'an at
the upper reaches of Yellow River and Zhaotong at mid-upper reaches
of the Yangtze River as the study areas, extracts the central
affecting factors of energy consumption and characteristic indexes
of energy zoning based on 1560 rural household questionnaires
of 85 villages in 4 counties (districts) and database analysis
of socio-economic development, conducts energy zoning for the
poor areas in China, and puts forward specific supporting policies
for each type of zone. The research finds that (1) the study areas
are found to have the following energy consumption characteristics:
low per capita energy consumption (merely 1/4 of the national
average), with energy consumption for non-production purposes
taking up the main part (more than 70％), high proportion of non-commercial
energy, i.e. firewood, straw, etc. (more than 45％), low utilization
rate of such new energy resources as biogas, solar energy, etc.
(lower than 2％ in high mountain regions), remarkable differentiation
of vertical and horizontal zonality, etc. (2) Physical conditions
like temperature and topography, socio-economic factors, i.e.
income of rural households, energy endowment, transportation conditions,
and institutional factors like policy support are the major affecting
factors of energy consumption and characteristic indexes of energy
policy zoning. (3) According to the characteristic index evaluation
and matrix classification of both the suitability for energy development
and types of regional energy endowment, the poor areas in China
can be divided into three energy policy-oriented zones, i.e. network-based
centralized energy supply zone, diversified energy utilization
zone, and new energy utilization zone.
Keywords: China; Poor area; Energy policy』
1. Introduction
2. Research methods and data sources
2.1. Research methods
2.2. Data sources
3. Basic energy consumption characteristics of study areas and
comparison with national average
3.1. Low per capita energy consumption and high portion of
energy consumption for non-production purposes
3.2. Great proportion of non-commercial energy like firewood
and straw
3.3. Low utilization rate of new energy like biogas and solar
energy
3.4. Remarkable differentiation of vertical and horizontal zonality
4. Cause analysis of energy consumption characteristics in study
areas and extraction of affecting factors of energy zoning
4.1. Temperature and topography as natural driving forces
4.2. Rural households' income level as micro-driving force
4.3. Energy endowment and transportation condition as important
factors
4.4. Policy support as major institutional factor
5. Energy zoning
5.1. Energy development suitability evaluation
5.1.1. macro-physical conditions (C)
5.1.1.1. Restriction of topography
5.1.1.2. Restriction of water resources
5.1.1.3. Restriction of heat
5.1.2. Economic development level (E)
5.1.3. Support degree of transportation (T)
5.1.4. Integrated index of energy development suitability (A)
5.2. Types of regional energy endowments
5.2.1. Energy endowment level evaluation
5.2.2. Classification of regional energy endowments
5.3. Energy policy-oriented zoning scheme
6. Energy policy orientations for different type zones
6.1. network-based centralized energy supply zone (Type zone
A)
6.2. Diversified energy utilization zone (Type zone B)
6.3. new energy utilization zone (Type zone C)
References
/Image60.gif) Fig. 6. Energy policy-orientedzoningschemeforpoorareasofChina. Fan et al.(2011)による『Energy policies for sustainable livelihoods and sustainable development of poor areas in China』から Type zone A (network-based centralized energy supply zone) |