『Abstract
Using a center of gravity model and GIS software, we measured
how China's energy production and consumption centers changed
(positions, movements, distances, and rates) from 1997 to 2009,
thereby revealing regional differences in the relationship between
supply and demand. We found that the centers of gravity for raw
coal consumption, crude oil production and consumption, and electricity
production and consumption moved southwest during the study period,
whereas those of raw coal and natural gas production moved northwest
and that of natural gas consumption moved southeast. The distances
moved were largest for natural gas, followed by crude oil, but
the distances were small for raw coal and electricity, indicating
that their supply and demand pattern changed little during the
study period. The gaps between supply and demand for raw coal,
crude oil, and natural gas were large, and tended to increase.
The production centers were northwest of the consumption centers,
indicating that China's energy production is concentrated in the
northwest, whereas consumption was concentrated in the southeast.
This pattern resulted from the distribution of China's energy
resource reserves and its energy development strategies. Recommendations
are provided to reduce the gap between supply and demand.
Keywords: Energy supply and demand; Center of gravity; China』
1. Introduction
2. Data used and methodology
2.1. Methodology
2.2. Data used
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Raw coal production and consumption
3.1.1. Direction of movement
3.1.2. Distance of movement
3.1.3. Spatial pattern of raw coal supply and demand
3.2. Crude oil production and consumption
3.2.1. Direction of movement
3.2.2. Distance of movement
3.2.3. Spatial pattern of crude oil supply and demand
3.3. Natural gas production and consumption
3.3.1. Direction of movement
3.3.2. Distance of movement
3.3.3. Spatial pattern of natural gas supply and demand
3.4. Electricity production and consumption
3.4.1. Direction of movement
3.4.2. Distance of movement
3.4.3. Spatial pattern of electricity supply and demand
3.5. Overall distribution and evolution of the centers of gravity
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Appendix A. Supplementary materials
References