『Abstract
　This paper studies the transition to low carbon power systems in China. The methodology is built on the newly developed multi-level perspectives (MLP) transitions, as well as literature on innovation systems. Three lines of thought on the transition process are integrated to probe the possible transition pathways in China's power sector. Five transition pathways, namely reproduction, transformation, substitution, reconfiguration, de-alignment/re-alignment and reconfiguration, with their possible technology options are presented. The requirements for a smart grid in the socio-technical transition process are addressed within the MLP framework/ The paper goes further to propose an interactive framework for low carbon transition management in China. Representative technology options are appraised by employing innovation theory to demonstrate the logic of policy design within the framework. The work presented in this paper will be useful in informing policy-makers and other stakeholders in China and it may prove to be a valuable reference for other countries in energy transition management.

Keywords: Energy transition pathways; China; Low carbon power systems』

1. Introduction
2. Methodology
　2.1. Multi-level perspective for socio-technical transition
　2.2. Transition pathway
　2.3. The approach in our paper
3. Current power landscape, regime and niches in China
　3.1. Brief history of power systems development in China
　3.2. Overall picture of China's power system
　3.3. MLP analysis of power system in China
　　3.3.1. Landscape and regime
　　3.3.2. Technology niches
4. Pathways towards low carbon power system in China
　4.1. Landscape prospect
　　4.1.1. Key landscape processes
　　4.1.2. A possible power supply scenario into 2030 and its implications
　4.2. Possible pathways
5. Smart grid in China
6. Policy design Implications for transition management
　6.1. Basic assumption on policy design
　6.2. Policy design implications for China
7. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgment
Appendix A
References