『Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) technologies have demonstrated significant
price reductions, but large-scale global application of PV requires
further technology improvements and cost reductions along the
value chain. We survey policies in Germany and China and the industrial
actors they can encourage to pursue innovation, including deployment
support, investment support for manufacturing plans and R&D
support measures. While deployment support has been successful,
investment support for manufacturing in these nations has not
been sufficiently tied to innovation incentives, and R&D support
has been comparatively weak. The paper concludes with a discussion
of the opportunities for global policy coordination.
Keywords: Photovoltaic; Technology policy; Innovation』
1. Introduction
2. Photovoltaic: Technical potential and cost reduction potential
2.1. Historical development of PV installations and production
2.2. Photovoltaic technologies
2.3. Technical potential of photovoltaics for different technologies
2.4. Cost and price development of PV
2.5. Photovoltaic value chain with cost reduction potentials
3. PV industry structure - The actors who can drive cost reductions
3.1. Industry structure in Germany
3.2. Industry structure in China
3.3. Summary and compairaha,
t in Germany
4.2. Investment support for manufacturing plants in Germany
4.2.1. Grants/cash incentives
4.2.1.1. Joint task cash grants
4.2.1.2. Investment Allowance (in Eastern Germany)
4.2.2. Reduced-interest loans
4.2.2.1. KfW loans
4.2.2.2. State development bank loans
4.2.3. Public guarantees
4.3. R&D support in Germany
5. PV technology policies in China
5.1. Deployment support in China
5.1.1. Golden Sun program by MOF, MOST, NEA
5.1.1.1. Program categories
5.1.1.2. How are applicants judged?
5.1.2. BIPV and BIPV demonstration project by MOF and MHURDC
5.1.3. Concession bidding feed-in tariff for large-scale on-grid
PV projects, sponsored by NEA
5.1.4. Regional deployment support policies
5.2. Investment support for manufacturing plants in China
5.2.1. MOST innovation fund for small technology-based firms
5.2.2. Regional investment support policies
5.2.3. Loan and credit facilities provided by government/state
banks for manufacturers
5.3. R&D support in China
5.3.1. MOST: High-tech Program 863; Basic Research Program 973;
Key Technologies R&D Program
5.3.2. NDRC national high-tech industry development program
5.3.3. Exemption of import tax and VAT for R&D institutions
by MOF
5.3.4. Regional R&D support policies
6. Comparison of PV policy in Germany and China
6.1. Deployment support
6.2. Investment support for manufacturing plants
6.3. R&D support
6.4. Global policy coordination
7. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References