『Abstract
Over the past two decades, China's oil demand has risen steeply.
In 1990, t was only about 25％ higher than that of 1978, the year
economic reform was introduced. By 2008, it had reached 396.0
million tons, roughly four times the 1978 level, making China
the second largest oil user worldwide. The country became a net
oil importer in 1993, and between 1993 and 2008, its net import
dependency - a yardstick for energy security - soared from 7.5％
to 50.0％. China's increased demand for oil has made the country
a global energy player of critical importance. Although the literature
on the global implications of China's oil use has proliferated,
relatively few studies have attempted to examine “how China uses
oil.” Hence, this study covers every oil-consuming facility and
sector in China, exploring the patterns of, and factors involved
in, oil demand by power plants, oil refineries, heat plants and,
gas-works, and industrial, transport, agricultural, household
and commercial sectors. It concludes that in virtually all sectors
in China, oil demand will grow, with transport and industry leading
the way.
Keywords: Oil; Sectoral consumption; China』
1. Introduction
2. China's oil economy
3. Transformation consumption of oil
3.1. Refinery oil use
3.2. Power generation oil use
3.3. Heat supply and gas-works oil use
4. End-use consumption of oil
4.1. Industrial oil use
4.2. Transport oil use
4.3. Agricultural oil use
4.4. Household and commercial oil use
5. Concluding remarks
References
|
合計 （Mtce） |
石炭 （％） |
石油 （％） |
天然ガス （％） |
一次電力** （％） |
|
| 1990 | 987.0 | 76.2 | 16.6 | 2.1 | 5.1 |
| 1991 | 1037.8 | 76.1 | 17.1 | 2.0 | 4.8 |
| 1992 | 1091.7 | 75.7 | 17.5 | 1.9 | 4.9 |
| 1993 | 1159.9 | 74.7 | 18.2 | 1.9 | 5.2 |
| 1994 | 1227.4 | 75.0 | 17.4 | 1.9 | 5.7 |
| 1995 | 1311.8 | 74.6 | 17.5 | 1.8 | 6.1 |
| 1996 | 1389.5 | 74.7 | 18.0 | 1.8 | 5.5 |
| 1997 | 1378.0 | 71.7 | 20.4 | 1.7 | 6.2 |
| 1998 | 1322.1 | 69.6 | 21.5 | 2.2 | 6.7 |
| 1999 | 1338.3 | 69.1 | 22.6 | 2.1 | 6.2 |
| 2000 | 1385.5 | 67.8 | 23.2 | 2.4 | 6.7 |
| 2001 | 1432.0 | 66.7 | 22.9 | 2.6 | 7.9 |
| 2002 | 1518.0 | 66.3 | 23.4 | 2.6 | 7.7 |
| 2003 | 1749.9 | 68.4 | 22.2 | 2.6 | 6.8 |
| 2004 | 2031.3 | 68.0 | 22.3 | 2.6 | 7.1 |
| 2005 | 2233.2 | 69.1 | 21.0 | 2.8 | 7.1 |
| 2006 | 2462.7 | 69.4 | 20.4 | 3.0 | 7.2 |
| 2007 | 2654.8 | 69.5 | 19.7 | 3.5 | 7.3 |
| 2008 | 2850.0 | 68.7 | 18.7 | 3.8 | 8.9 |
|
中国統計要約2009、145ページ。 * 商業エネルギーのみが含まれるが、非商業バイオマスエネルギーが中国の地方においては依然として特に広く消費されていることに注意。1990年では263.0 Mtceで、2007年では263.0 Mtceである。 ** 一次電力には、水力・原子力・風力発電が含まれる。商業エネルギーのみ。 Mtce＝100万トン石炭換算 |
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|
石油生産量 （Mt） |
石油消費量 （Mt） |
石油輸入量 （Mt） |
石油輸出量 （Mt） |
正味の石油輸入量 （Mt） |
正味の輸入依存率* （％） |
|
| 1990 | 138.3 | 114.9 | 7.6 | 31.1 | -23.5 | -20.5 |
| 1991 | 141.0 | 123.8 | 12.5 | 29.3 | -16.8 | -13.6 |
| 1992 | 142.1 | 133.6 | 21.2 | 28.6 | -7.3 | -5.5 |
| 1993 | 145.2 | 147.2 | 36.2 | 25.1 | 11.1 | 7.5 |
| 1994 | 146.1 | 149.5 | 29.0 | 23.8 | 5.2 | 3.5 |
| 1995 | 150.1 | 160.6 | 36.7 | 24.5 | 12.2 | 7.6 |
| 1996 | 157.3 | 174.3 | 45.4 | 27.0 | 18.4 | 10.6 |
| 1997 | 160.7 | 194.1 | 67.9 | 28.2 | 39.7 | 20.5 |
| 1998 | 161.0 | 198.2 | 57.4 | 23.3 | 34.1 | 17.2 |
| 1999 | 160.0 | 210.7 | 64.8 | 16.4 | 48.4 | 23.0 |
| 2000 | 163.0 | 224.4 | 97.5 | 21.7 | 75.8 | 33.8 |
| 2001 | 164.0 | 228.4 | 91.2 | 20.5 | 70.7 | 31.0 |
| 2002 | 167.0 | 247.9 | 102.7 | 21.4 | 81.3 | 32.8 |
| 2003 | 169.6 | 271.3 | 131.9 | 25.4 | 106.5 | 39.3 |
| 2004 | 175.9 | 317.0 | 172.9 | 22.4 | 150.5 | 47.5 |
| 2005 | 181.4 | 325.3 | 171.6 | 28.9 | 142.8 | 43.9 |
| 2006 | 184.8 | 348.8 | 194.5 | 26.3 | 168.3 | 48.2 |
| 2007 | 186.3 | 366.5 | 211.4 | 26.6 | 184.8 | 50.4 |
| 2008** | 197.8 | 396.0 | - | - | 197.2 | 50.0 |
|
EIA(2009)、http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=CH * 正味と輸入依存率とは、全石油消費量に対する正味の石油輸入量の割合 ** EIA(2009)の見積り |
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