Rong,F. and Victor,D.G.(2012): Coal liquefaction policy in China: Explaining the policy reversal since 2006. Energy Policy, 39, 8175-8184.

『中国における石炭液化政策:2006年以来の政策逆転を説明する』


Abstract
 China has emerged as a leader in coal liquefaction. While the country's abundant coal resources and acute concerns about oil security help explain China's interest in liquefaction, the driving forces for this industry are complicated and policy has been inconsistent. Since 2006 Beijing has tried to slow down the development of liquefaction; even as China has become more dependent on imported oil, the central government has been wary about the large impact of liquefaction technologies on scarce resources such as water. However, local government officials in coal rich areas have strong incentives to pour investment into the technology, which helps explain the uneven development and policy. The future of coal liquefaction will depend on how these forces unfold along with major Beijing-led reforms in the Chinese coal industry, which is closing smaller mines and favoring the emergence of larger coal producing firms. Those reforms will have mixed effects on liquefaction. They temporarily contribute to higher prices for coal while over the longer term creating coal companies that have much greater financial and technical skills needed to deploy technologies such as coal liquefaction at a scale needed if this energy pathway is to be competitive with conventional sources of liquid fuel.

Keywords: China; Coal liquefaction; Coal』

1. Introduction
2. China's CTL industry before 2006: history and driving forces
 2.1. Main development in China's coal liquefaction policy, 1950s-2006
  2.1.1. R&D initialized and suspended (1950s-1967)
  2.1.2. Interests revived (late 1970s-1990s)
  2.1.3. Strong government support provided (mid of 1990s-2006)
 2.2. Explaining China's coal liquefaction policies from 1950s to 2006: three drivers
  2.2.1. Energy security
  2.2.2. Western development
  2.2.3. Coal transport bottleneck
3. Beijing's reversal: central and local CTL policies since 2006)
4. Explaining China's CTL policy shift since 2006
 4.1. Increasing water scarcity and other environmental concerns
 4.2. Consolidation of the coal industry and shortages in coal supply
 4.3. Development craze from local governments
5. Ordos city: a vignette of coal liquefaction policies at the local level
6. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References


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