『Abstract
China has been highly successful in electrifying rural areas
in the past half century. Institutional structure and its reform
are important for investment and, therefore, development of rural
electrification. Over time, there have been three major institutional
changes initiated by the central government; When the People's
Republic was founded in 1949, it was short of capital, technology
and management professionals to promote rural electrification,
so rural electricity had a separate administrative system from
the urban areas. From 1949 to 1977, China established a comprehensive
vertical system of rural electricity administration under strict
central planning. At the end of the 1970s, with the adoption of
economic reform policy, the central government handed over the
management of the local electricity system to local government.
Country level has proved the most effective implementation unit
for both planning and project implementation of the rural electricity
system. From 1998 to 2002, the central government has been separating
local electricity supply from local governments to facilitate
the commercial operation of the utility market. After 2002,the
rural electricity system was merged with the urban system, forming
an integrated national electricity administrative system in China.
Key words: history; institutional structure; investment; rural
electrification』
I. Introduction
II. Background of rural electrification in China
III. First stage (1949-1977): Establishing a comprehensive management
network vertically from the national level
1. Background
2. Institutional structure
3. Investment
4. Achievement
IV. Second stage (1978-1997): Central government transferring
management of local electricity system to local government
1. Background
2. Institutional structure
3. Investment
1, 2, and 3 poverty reduction projects through rural small hydropower
Poverty reduction through access to electricity
Construction of rural electrified counties
4. Achievement
V. Third stage (1998-2002): Promoting commercial operation of
the utility market
1. Background
2. Institutional structure
3. Investment
4. Achievement
VI. Conclusion
References