『Abstract
　Natural resource abundant countries constitute both growth losers and growth winners, and the main difference between the success cases and the cases of failure lays in the quality of institutions. With grabber friendly institutions more natural resources push aggregate income down, while with producer friendly institutions more natural resources increase income. Such a theory finds strong support in data. A key question we also discuss is if resources in addition alter the quality of institutions. When that is the case, countries with bad institutions suffer a double resource curse - as the deterioration of institutions strengthens the negative effect of more natural resources.

Keywords: Natural resources; Institutional quality; Growth; Rent-seeking』

1. Introduction
2. Links between institutions and the resource curse
3. A theory of institutions and the resource curse
4. Empirical testing of institutions and the resource curse
5. Concluding remarks
References