『Abstract
　Pollen records from marine and terrestrial sequences in southern Europe reveal a strong coherence between changes in tree populations and atmospheric methane concentrations over the last 800 thousand years. Variations in the continental hydrological balance provide a link for the observed patterns, leading to concomitant changes in southern European vegetation, and low-latitude wetland extent and methane/volatile organic compound emissions, although additional contributions to the methane budget from extratropical sources are not excluded. Here we propose that the close coupling between low- and mid- latitude hydrological changes reflects shifts in the mean latitudinal position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which determines the extent to which southern Europe is dominated by subtropical or mid/high-latitude influences. This provides a conceptual framework within which to view vegetation variability in southern Europe on orbital and millennial timescales.

Keywords: methane; pollen; vegetation; Mediterranean; ITCZ; orbital; millennial』

1. Introduction
2. MD01-2443, Portuguese margin
3. Tenaghi Philippon
4. Analysis of correlation between CH4 and pollen records
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Appendix A. Supplementary data
References