Anderson,K.A. and Downing,J.A.(2006):
Dry and wet atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, phosphorus
and silicon in an agricultural region. Water, Air, and
Soil Pollution, 176, 351-374.
『農業地域における窒素・リン・ケイ素の乾性と湿性の大気沈着』
『Abstract
We measured atmospheric nutrient deposition as wet deposition
and dry deposition to dry and wet surfaces. Our analyses offer
estimates of atmospheric transport of nitrogen (N), phosphorus
(P) and silicon (Si) in an agricultural region. Annual dry and
wet deposition (ha-1 year-1) was 0.3 kg of P,
7.7 kg of N, and 6.1 kg of Si; lower than or similar to values
seen in other landscapes. N:P and Si:N imply that atmospheric
deposition enhances P and Si limitation. Most P and soluble reactive
P (SRP) deposition occurred as dryfall and most dry-deposited
P was SRP so would be more readily assimilable by plant life than
rainfall. Dry deposition of N to wet surfaces was several times
greater than to dry surfaces, suggesting that ammonia (NHx) gas absorbtion by water associated with wet
surfaces is an important N transport mechanism. Deposition of
all nutrients peaked when agricultural planting and fertilization
were active; ratios of NHx:nitrate (NOx) reflected the predominant use of NHx
fertilizer. Wet deposition estimates were consistent over hundreds
of km, but dry deposition estimates were influenced by animal
confinements and construction. Precipitation wash-out of atmospheric
nutrients was substantial nut larger rain events yields higher
rates of wet deposition. Methodological results showed that local
dust contaminated wet deposition more than dry; insets, bird droppings
and leaves may have biased past deposition estimates; and estimating
dry deposition to dry plastic buckets may underestimate annual
deposition of N, especially NHx.
Keywords: atmospheric deposition; dry; nitrogen; phosphorus; precipitation;
silicon』
1. Introduction
1.1. Problem and significance
1.2. Objectives
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Sampling network
2.2. Sample collection
2.3. Sample processing and analysis
2.4. Calculations and statistical methods
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Comparisons between types of deposition
3.2. Proportion of dissolved inorganic nutrients
3.3. Local versus long-distance transport
3.4. Site comparisons
3.5. Nutrient concentrations
3.6. Annual deposition
3.7. Atmospheric washout
3.8. Contamination
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Note
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